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這篇文章將為大家詳細講解有關怎么在R語言中實現排序,文章內容質量較高,因此小編分享給大家做個參考,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后對相關知識有一定的了解。
R語言是用于統計分析、繪圖的語言和操作環境,屬于GNU系統的一個自由、免費、源代碼開放的軟件,它是一個用于統計計算和統計制圖的優秀工具。
首先簡單介紹一下mtcar數據集,mtcar(Motor Trend Car Road Tests)是一個32行11列的數據集,記錄了32種汽車的11種性能,具體數據如下:
> mtcars mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1 Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4 Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2 Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2 Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4 Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4 Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0 0 3 3 Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3 Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0 0 3 3 Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0 0 3 4 Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82 0 0 3 4 Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1 Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0 0 3 2 AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0 0 3 2 Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41 0 0 3 4 Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2 Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50 0 1 5 4 Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6 Maserati Bora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60 0 1 5 8 Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60 1 1 4 2
假如我們想挑一款比較省油的車,也就是選一款mpg(每加侖公里數)較高的車。如果只要一個備選,自然可以使用which.max函數:
> mtcars[which.max(mtcars$mpg), ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.9 1 1 4 1
如果想要多個備選呢?例如2個備選。我們可以將mtcars按mpg從大到小排序,然后列出前兩個:
> db_use <- mtcars[order(mtcars$mpg, decreasing = T), ] > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2
前兩名是:
> db_use[1:2, ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1
如果取前3名呢?我們注意到存在并列第3的情況,所以說直接取前3行就不合適了。這樣我們可以新設一列表示mpg的排名(rank),然后取排名小于等于3的數據。但是rank函數是從小到大排序的,我們這里要從大到小排序,需要做一個簡單的變換:
> db_use$rank <- nrow(db_use) - rank(db_use$mpg, ties.method = 'max') + 1 > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb rank Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 1 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 2 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 3 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 3 Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 5 Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 6
選取前3名:
> db_use[which(db_use$rank<= 3), ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb rank Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 1 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 2 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 3 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 3
下面增加一下難度。現在我們挑選出來的車都是4缸的,即cyl(氣缸數)為4。我們想在不同氣缸數的車中都挑一些省油的車做備選,比方說在不同氣缸數的車中挑出各自前3款最省油的車。
同樣,我們需要構造一個新變量表示mpg的排名,只不過這個排名是一個分組排名,即以氣缸數分組,在氣缸數相同的車中分別排名。
首先,我們將數據按氣缸數分組排好:
> library(dplyr) > db_use <- mtcars > db_use$name <- rownames(db_use) > db_use <- arrange(db_use, cyl, desc(mpg)) > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 3 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Honda Civic 4 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 5 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat X1-9 6 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 Porsche 914-2
然后列出各組的組內rank:
> rank_group <- aggregate(mpg~cyl, db_use, rank, ties.method = 'max') > db_use$rank_increase <- unlist(rank_group$mpg) > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name rank_increase 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 11 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 10 3 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Honda Civic 9 4 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 9 5 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat X1-9 7 6 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 Porsche 914-2 6
接著,算出每組各包含多少數據:
> num_all <- aggregate(mpg~cyl, db_use, length) > db_use$num_all <- rep(num_all$mpg, num_all$mpg) > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name rank_increase num_all 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 11 11 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 10 11 3 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Honda Civic 9 11 4 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 9 11 5 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat X1-9 7 11 6 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 Porsche 914-2 6 11
最后二者相減得出各組的組內從大到小排名,選取排名小于等于3的汽車::
> db_use$rank_decrease <- db_use$num_all - db_use$rank_increase + 1 > db_use[which(db_use$rank_decrease <= 3), ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name rank_increase num_all rank_decrease 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 11 11 1 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 10 11 2 3 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Honda Civic 9 11 3 4 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 9 11 3 12 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Hornet 4 Drive 7 7 1 13 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 6 7 2 14 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 6 7 2 19 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2 Pontiac Firebird 14 14 1 20 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Hornet Sportabout 13 14 2 21 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3 Merc 450SL 12 14 3
有時候我們不會挑選具體前3名還是前5名的數據,會是取一個百分比,比方說在各組內挑選前20%最省油的車輛,這個需求利用前邊的幾個中間變量新設一個百分比變量就能輕松實現:
> db_use[which(db_use$Percent <= 0.2), ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name rank_increase num_all rank_decrease Percent 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 11 11 1 0.09090909 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 10 11 2 0.18181818 12 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Hornet 4 Drive 7 7 1 0.14285714 19 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2 Pontiac Firebird 14 14 1 0.07142857 20 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Hornet Sportabout 13 14 2 0.14285714
補充:R語言中的排序算法
最近用R語言比較多,所以這次再一次整理一下R語言中的排序算法,本篇文章主要以代碼實現為主,原理不在此贅述了。
文中如有不正確的地方,歡迎大家批評指正。
<span ># 測試數組 vector = c(5,34,65,36,67,3,6,43,69,59,25,785,10,11,14) vector ## [1] 5 34 65 36 67 3 6 43 69 59 25 785 10 11 14</span>
在R中,跟排序有關的函數主要有三個:sort(),rank(),order()。其中sort(x)是對向量x進行排序,rank()是求秩的函數,它的返回值是這個向量中對應元素的“排名”,order()的返回值是對應“排名”的元素所在向量中的位置。
sort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785 order(vector) ## [1] 6 1 7 13 14 15 11 2 4 8 10 3 5 9 12 rank(vector) ## [1] 2 8 12 9 13 1 3 10 14 11 7 15 4 5 6
# bubble sort bubbleSort = function(vector) { n = length(vector) for (i in 1:(n-1)) { for (j in (i+1):n) { if(vector[i]>=vector[j]){ temp = vector[i] vector[i] = vector[j] vector[j] = temp } } } return(vector) } bubbleSort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# quick sort quickSort = function(vector, small, big) { left = small right = big if (left >= right) { return(vector) }else{ markValue = vector[left] while (left < right) { while (left < right && vector[right] >= markValue) { right = right - 1 } vector[left] = vector[right] while (left < right && vector[left] <= markValue) { left = left + 1 } vector[right] = vector[left] } vector[left] = markValue vector = quickSort(vector, small, left - 1) vector = quickSort(vector, right + 1, big) return(vector) } } quickSort(vector,1,15) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# insert sort insertSort = function(vector){ n = length(vector) for(i in 2:n){ markValue = vector[i] j=i-1 while(j>0){ if(vector[j]>markValue){ vector[j+1] = vector[j] vector[j] = markValue } j=j-1 } } return(vector) } insertSort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# shell sort shellSort = function(vector){ n = length(vector) separate = floor(n/2) while(separate>0){ for(i in 1:separate){ j = i+separate while(j<=n){ m= j- separate markVlaue = vector[j] while(m>0){ if(vector[m]>markVlaue){ vector[m+separate] = vector[m] vector[m] = markVlaue } m = m-separate } j = j+separate } } separate = floor(separate/2) } return(vector) } shellSort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# select sort selectSort = function(vector){ n = length(vector) for(i in 1:(n-1)){ minIndex = i for(j in (i+1):n){ if(vector[minIndex]>vector[j]){ minIndex = j } } temp = vector[i] vector[i] = vector[minIndex] vector[minIndex] = temp } return(vector) } selectSort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# heap sort adjustHeap = function(vector,k,n){ left = 2*k right = 2*k+1 max = k if(k<=n/2){ if(left<=n&&vector[left]>=vector[max]){ max = left } if(right<=n&&vector[right]>=vector[max]){ max = right } if(max!=k){ temp = vector[k] vector[k] = vector[max] vector[max] = temp vector = adjustHeap(vector,max,n) } } return(vector) } createHeap = function(vector,n){ for(i in (n/2):1){ vector = adjustHeap(vector,i,n) } return(vector) } heapSort = function(vector){ n = length(vector) vector = createHeap(vector,n) for(i in 1:n){ temp = vector[n-i+1] vector[n-i+1] = vector[1] vector[1] = temp vector = adjustHeap(vector,1,n-i) } return(vector) }
# merge sort combine = function(leftSet,rightSet){ m = 1 n = 1 vectorTemp = c() while (m<=length(leftSet)&&n<=length(rightSet)) { if(leftSet[m]<=rightSet[n]){ vectorTemp = append(vectorTemp,leftSet[m]) m = m+1 }else{ vectorTemp = append(vectorTemp,rightSet[n]) n = n+1 } } if(m>length(leftSet)&&n==length(rightSet)){ vectorTemp = append(vectorTemp,rightSet[n:length(rightSet)]) }else if(m==length(leftSet)&&n>length(rightSet)){ vectorTemp = append(vectorTemp,leftSet[m:length(leftSet)]) } return(vectorTemp) } mergeSort = function(vector){ size = length(vector) if(size==1){ return(vector) } cut = ceiling(size/2) leftSet = mergeSort(vector[1:cut]) rightSet = mergeSort(vector[(cut+1):size]) vector = combine(leftSet,rightSet) return(vector) }
關于怎么在R語言中實現排序就分享到這里了,希望以上內容可以對大家有一定的幫助,可以學到更多知識。如果覺得文章不錯,可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。
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