03-tkinter-Button學習筆記

按鈕的使用方法Button(父對象,options......)
options的取值borderwidth或bd：邊界寬度默認是兩個像素；bg：背景顏色；command：點擊按鈕時，執行此方法；cursor：鼠標移動到按鈕上的形狀；fg：前景色。font：字形；height：高；highlightbackground：按鈕獲得焦點時的背景顏色；highlightcolor：按鈕取得焦點時的顏色；image：按鈕上的圖像；justify：當有多行文字時，最后一行文字的對齊方式；padx/pady：默認是1，可以設置按鈕與文字的間隔以及按鈕的上下間距；relief：默認是relief=FLAT，可以控制文字外框；state：默認是state=NORMAL，如果設置為DISABLED則以灰階顯示功能按鈕，表示暫時無法使用；text：按鈕的名稱；underline：設置第幾個文字有下劃線，從0開始算起，默認-1是無下劃線；width：寬，單位是字符寬；wraplength：限制每行的文字數，默認是0，表示只有\n才會換行。

32-設置一個按鈕，當點擊該按鈕時，可以顯示字符串“I LIKE TKINTER”，背景顏色是藍色，字符串的顏色是白色。

from tkinter import *
win=Tk()
win.geometry('400x500')
def show():
label['text']="I LIKE TKINTER"
label['bg']="blue"
label['fg']="white"
label=Label(win)
button=Button(win,text="點我打印消息",command=show)
label.pack()
button.pack()
win.mainloop()

33-設置一個點擊取消可以關閉的窗口。

from tkinter import *
win=Tk()
def show():
label.config(text="I LIKE TKINTER",bg="blue",fg="white")
label=Label(win)
label.pack()
button1=Button(win,text="打印消息",command=show)
button2=Button(win,text="取消",command=win.destroy)
button1.pack(side=LEFT)
button2.pack(side=LEFT)
win.mainloop()

34-設計一個計時器程序，添加一個結束按鈕，當點擊結束按鈕時，程序執行結束。

from tkinter import *
win=Tk()
counter=0
def run_counter(digit):
def counting():
global counter
counter+=1
digit.config(text=str(counter))
digit.after(1000,counting)
counting()
digit=Label(win,bg="yellow",fg="black",height=3,width=10,font="宋體 20 bold")
digit.pack()
run_counter(digit)
Button(win,text="結束",width=15,command=win.destroy).pack()
win.mainloop()

35-設置三個按鈕點擊blue按鈕可以將窗口背景顏色設置為藍色，點擊red按鈕可以將窗口顏色設置為紅色，點擊exit按鈕退出程序。

from tkinter import *
win=Tk()
def red():
win.config(bg="red")
def blue():
win.config(bg="blue")
redbutton=Button(win,text="red",command=red)
bluebutton=Button(win,text="blue",command=blue)
exitbutton=Button(win,text="exit",command=win.destroy)
redbutton.pack(anchor=S,side=RIGHT,padx=5,pady=5)
bluebutton.pack(anchor=S,side=RIGHT,padx=5,pady=5)
exitbutton.pack(anchor=S,side=RIGHT,padx=5,pady=5)
win.mainloop()

建立含圖像的按鈕：

from tkinter import *
def showmessage():
    label.config(text="I like tkinter",bg="yellow",fg="black")
win=Tk()
label=Label(win)
imggif=PhotoImage(file=r"C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\img.gif")
btn=Button(win,image=imggif,command=showmessage)
label.pack()
btn.pack()
win.mainloop()

實現簡單的計算器布局：

from tkinter import *
win=Tk()
label=Label(win,text="",bg="yellow",width=20)
label.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=4)
button1=Button(win,text="7",width=3)
button2=Button(win,text="8",width=3)
button3=Button(win,text="9",width=3)
button4=Button(win,text="*",width=3)
button5=Button(win,text="4",width=3)
button6=Button(win,text="5",width=3)
button7=Button(win,text="6",width=3)
button8=Button(win,text="-",width=3)
button9=Button(win,text="1",width=3)
button10=Button(win,text="2",width=3)
button11=Button(win,text="3",width=3)
button12=Button(win,text="+",width=3)
button13=Button(win,text="0",width=8)
button14=Button(win,text=".",width=3)
button15=Button(win,text="=",width=3)
button1.grid(row=1,column=0,padx=5)
button2.grid(row=1,column=1,padx=5)
button3.grid(row=1,column=2,padx=5)
button4.grid(row=1,column=3,padx=5)
button5.grid(row=2,column=0,padx=5)
button6.grid(row=2,column=1,padx=5)
button7.grid(row=2,column=2,padx=5)
button8.grid(row=2,column=3,padx=5)
button9.grid(row=3,column=0,padx=5)
button10.grid(row=3,column=1,padx=5)
button11.grid(row=3,column=2,padx=5)
button12.grid(row=3,column=3,padx=5)
button13.grid(row=4,column=0,padx=5,columnspan=2)
button14.grid(row=4,column=2,padx=5)
button15.grid(row=4,column=3,padx=5)
win.mainloop()