如何在Linux中使用Smartctl監控磁盤性能

本篇內容主要講解“如何在Linux中使用Smartctl監控磁盤性能”，感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷，實用性強。下面就讓小編來帶大家學習“如何在Linux中使用Smartctl監控磁盤性能”吧!

Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自監控，分析和報告技術）是類Unix系統下實施SMART任務命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自檢和錯誤日志，啟用并禁用SMRAT自動檢測，以及初始化設備自檢。

Smartctl對于Linux物理服務器十分有用，在這些服務器上，可以對智能磁盤進行錯誤檢查，并將與硬件RAID相關的磁盤信息摘錄下來。

在本帖中，我們將討論smartctl命令的一些實用樣例。如果你的Linux上海沒有安裝smartctl，請按以下步驟來安裝。
安裝 Smartctl

對于 Ubuntu

代碼如下:

$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

對于 CentOS & RHEL

代碼如下:

# yum install smartmontools

啟動Smartctl服務

對于 Ubuntu

代碼如下:

$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

對于 CentOS & RHEL

代碼如下:

# service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

樣例
樣例：1 檢查磁盤的 Smart 功能是否啟用

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
   Model Family:     Seagate Momentus 5400.6
   Device Model:     ST9320325AS
   Serial Number:    5VD2V59T
   LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
   Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
   User Capacity:    320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
   Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
   Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
   Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
   ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
   SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
   Local Time is:    Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
   SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
   SMART support is: Enabled

這里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盤。上面輸出中的最后兩行顯示了SMART功能已啟用。
樣例：2 啟用磁盤的 Smart 功能

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
   SMART Enabled.

樣例：3 禁用磁盤的 Smart 功能

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off  /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
   SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

樣例：4 顯示磁盤的詳細 Smart 信息

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb              // For IDE drive
   root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb       // For SATA drive

樣例：5 顯示磁盤總體健康狀況

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H  /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
   SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
   Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
   Please note the following marginal Attributes:
   ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
   190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   067   045   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)

樣例：6 使用long和short選項測試硬盤

Long測試

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
   Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
   Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
   Testing has begun.
   Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
   Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014
   
   Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或者，我們可以重定向測試輸出到日志文件，就像下面這樣

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text

Short測試

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
   Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
   Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
   Testing has begun.
   Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
   Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014

    
    Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text

注意：short測試將花費最多2分鐘，而在long測試中沒有時間限制，因為它會讀取并驗證磁盤的每個段。
樣例：7 查看驅動器的自檢結果

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
   SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
   Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
   # 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       492         210841222
   # 2  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%       492         210841222

樣例：8 計算測試時間估值

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c  /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
   General SMART Values:
   Offline data collection status:  (0x00)    Offline data collection activity
                       was never started.
                       Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
   Self-test execution status:      ( 121)    The previous self-test completed having
                       the read element of the test failed.
   Total time to complete Offline
   data collection:         (    0) seconds.
   Offline data collection
   capabilities:              (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                       Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                       Suspend Offline collection upon new
                       command.
                       No Offline surface scan supported.
                       Self-test supported.
                       Conveyance Self-test supported.
                       Selective Self-test supported.
   SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)    Saves SMART data before entering
                       power-saving mode.
                       Supports SMART auto save timer.
   Error logging capability:        (0x01)    Error logging supported.
                       General Purpose Logging supported.
   Short self-test routine
   recommended polling time:      (   1) minutes.
   Extended self-test routine
   recommended polling time:      ( 102) minutes.
   Conveyance self-test routine
   recommended polling time:      (   2) minutes.
   SCT capabilities:            (0x103b)    SCT Status supported.
                       SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                       SCT Feature Control supported.
                       SCT Data Table supported.

樣例：9 顯示磁盤錯誤日志

代碼如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error  /dev/sdb
   
   Sample Output
   
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
   SMART Error Log Version: 1
   ATA Error Count: 5
       CR = Command Register [HEX]
       FR = Features Register [HEX]
       SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
       SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
       CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
       CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
       DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
       DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
       ER = Error register [HEX]
       ST = Status register [HEX]
   Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
   DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
   SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
   
   Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
     CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
     -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
     25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.515  READ DMA EXT
     25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.514  READ DMA EXT
     25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.502  READ DMA EXT
     25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.496  READ DMA EXT
     25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.383  READ DMA EXT

到此，相信大家對“如何在Linux中使用Smartctl監控磁盤性能”有了更深的了解，不妨來實際操作一番吧！這里是億速云網站，更多相關內容可以進入相關頻道進行查詢，關注我們，繼續學習！