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本篇內容介紹了“怎么用shell腳本一鍵部署LNMP架構”的有關知識,在實際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細閱讀,能夠學有所成!
LNMP架構介紹
LNMP:Linux系統下Nginx+MySQL+PHP這種網站服務器架構。Nginx是一個高性能的HTTP和反向代理服務器,也是一個IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服務器。Mysql是一個小型關系型數據庫管理系統。PHP是一種在服務器端執行的嵌入HTML文檔的腳本語言。
原理:瀏覽器發送http request請求到服務器(Nginx),服務器響應并處理web請求,將一些靜態資源(CSS,圖片,視頻等)保存服務器上,然后將php腳本通過接口傳輸協議(網關協議)PHP-FCGI(fast-cgi)傳輸給PHP-FPM(進程管理程序),PHP-FPM不做處理,然后PHP-FPM調用PHP解析器進程,PHP解析器解析php腳本信息。PHP解析器進程可以啟動多個,進行并發執行。然后將解析后的腳本返回到PHP-FPM,PHP-FPM再通過fast-cgi的形式將腳本信息傳送給Nginx.服務器再通過Http response的形式傳送給瀏覽器。瀏覽器再進行解析與渲染然后進行呈現。
下面給大家介紹下使用shell腳本一鍵部署LNMP架構的方法,腳本如下所示:
#/bin/bash ##將需要的安裝包傳到/opt目錄下,并關閉防火墻 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld &>/dev/null setenforce 0 ###############Nginx############### ##先掛載,再安裝依賴包 df -h | grep /mnt if [ $? -ne 0 ];then mount /dev/cdrom /mnt &>/dev/null fi yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make ##創建運行用戶、組(Nginx服務程序默認以nobody身份運行,建議為其創建專門的用戶賬號,以便更準確的控制其訪問權限) useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ##編譯安裝 cd /opt tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz cd nginx-1.12.0/ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_stub_status_module make -j 2 && make install ##優化配置文件路徑,并把nginx服務的可執行程序文件放入路徑環境變量的目錄中便于系統識別 ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin ##添加Nginx系統服務 cat > /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service <<EOF [Unit] Description=nginx After=network.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/bin/kill -1 $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -3 $MAINPID PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF ##修改文件權限 chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service systemctl start nginx.service systemctl enable nginx.service &>/dev/null ###############MySQL############### ##安裝MySQL環境依賴包 yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake ##創建運行用戶 useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql ##編譯安裝 cd /opt tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20 cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DWITH_BOOST=boost \ -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 make -j 2 && make install ##修改mysql配置文件 cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF [client] port = 3306 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] user = mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data port = 3306 character-set-server=utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock bind-address = 0.0.0.0 skip-name-resolve max_connections=2048 default-storage-engine=INNODB max_allowed_packet=16M server-id = 1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES EOF ##更改mysql安裝目錄和配置文件的屬主屬組 chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf ##設置路徑環境變量 echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile ##初始化數據化 cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/ ./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data ##添加mysqld系統服務 cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start mysqld.service systemctl enable mysqld &>/dev/null ##添加mysql的登錄密碼 function mima { passwd=$1 /usr/bin/expect <<-EOF spawn mysqladmin -u root -p password $passwd expect "Enter" {send "\n"} expect eof EOF } mima "abc123" ##授權遠程登錄 function qwe { /usr/bin/expect <<-EOF spawn mysql -u root -p expect "Enter" {send "abc123\n"} expect "mysql" {send "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';\n"} expect "mysql" {send "flush privileges;\n"} expect "mysql" {send "show databases;\n"} expect "mysql" {send "quit\n"} expect eof EOF } qwe ###############PHP############### ##安裝環境依賴包 yum -y install gd \ libjpeg libjpeg-devel \ libpng libpng-devel \ freetype freetype-devel \ libxml2 libxml2-devel \ zlib zlib-devel \ curl curl-devel \ openssl openssl-devel ##編譯安裝 cd /opt tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 cd ./php-7.1.10/ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php \ --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-mysqli \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-session \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pdo \ --enable-tokenizer \ --enable-zip make -j 2 && make install ##路徑優化 ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/ ##調整PHP配置文件 ##PHP有三個配置文件 ##php.ini(主配置文件) cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini sed -i '1170c mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock' /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini sed -i '939c date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai' /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini php -m ##php-fpm.conf(進程服務配置文件) cd /usr/local/php/etc cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf sed -i '17c pid = run/php-fpm.pid' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf ##www.conf(擴展配置文件) cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d cp www.conf.default www.conf ##啟動php-fpm cd /usr/local/php/sbin/ php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini ##配置Nginx支持PHP解析 sed -i '65c location ~ \.php$ {' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i '66c root html;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i '67c fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i '68c fastcgi_index index.php;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i '69c fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i '70c include fastcgi_params;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i '71c }' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ##驗證PHP測試頁和驗證數據庫工作是否正常 cat > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php <<EOF <?php phpinfo(); ?> EOF
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