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本文主要給大家介紹MySQL 5.5主從復制實戰部署演義,希望可以給大家補充和更新些知識,如有其它問題需要了解的可以持續在億速云行業資訊里面關注我的更新文章的。
兩臺安裝好的MySQL 5.5的數據庫。以Master與Slave區分
Master:
IP地址(172.16.1.210):
[root@Qinglin-A /]# ifconfig eth0 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:B4:0A:5D inet addr:192.168.1.210 Bcast:172.16.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
MySQL版本:
[root@Qinglin-A /]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Slave:
IP地址(172.16.1.220):
[root@Qinglin-B /]# ifconfig eth0 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:0E:20:1D inet addr:192.168.1.220 Bcast:172.16.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
MySQL版本:
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
MySQL 主從同步都是異步的復制方式,即不是嚴格實時同步的數據同步。
實戰前必須知道的知識
a. 主從復制是異步的,邏輯的SQL語句級的復制。
b. 同步時,主庫有一個IO線程,從庫有兩個線程,IO和SQL線程。
c. 實現主從復制的必要條件,主庫要開啟binlog功能。
1、Master開啟binlog,并設置server-id
注:server id 是避免不同機器或實列ID重復,選擇0<server-id
[root@Qinglin-A /]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id = 1 log-bin=mysql-bin [root@Qinglin-A /]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf server-id = 1 log-bin=mysql-bin
2、Slave設置server-id
注:Slave的binlog是不開啟的,如果開啟那就是雙主同步,性能很一般。
[root@Qinglin-B /]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id = 3 [root@Qinglin-B /]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf server-id = 3 #log-bin=mysql-bin
3、Master和Slave同步重啟mysql
[root@Qinglin-A /]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@Qinglin-B /]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
4、Master效驗bin-log與server-id
注:slave只需要查看server-id就可以
mysql> show variables like "log_bin"; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like "server_id"; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | server_id | 1 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5、master創建并授權網段訪問的從庫個帳戶,使slave可以訪問master
下列為創建Slave用戶,刷新權限,并查看用戶權限。
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.1.%' identified by'123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for rep@'192.168.1.%'; +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for rep@192.168.1.% | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6、記錄Master的binlog位置與點,請切記下列標黃處,后期會用到。
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 332 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7、鎖表備份Master的所有數據庫
-A 備份全部數據庫
-B 導出幾個數據庫
-F –flush-logs 開始導出之前刷新日志 注意:假如一次導出多個數據庫(使用選項–databases或者–all-databases),將會逐個數據庫刷新日志
-x 鎖表,保證數據的一致性
–events 導出事件
–master-data=2 如果=2就生成就是注釋,不執行。
[root@Qinglin-A /]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' --events -A -B -F --master-data=2 -x |gzip >/home/bak_`date +%F`.sql.gz [root@Qinglin-A /]# ll /home/bak_2016-08-02.sql.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144365 Aug 2 15:16 /home/bak_2016-08-02.sql.gz
8、slave恢復數據庫,因為我加大B參數,所以不需要指定庫恢復
注:從master的備份文件到slave可以考慮用scp傳到slave中,這里不做演示。
[root@Qinglin-B guanqinglin]# gzip -d bak_2016-08-02.sql.gz [root@Qinglin-B guanqinglin]# ls bak_2016-08-02.sql [root@Qinglin-B guanqinglin]# mysql -uroot -p123456
9、導入slave的master信息(slave操作)
操作前,請使用如下方法測試一下,用戶和遠程登陸是否OK,執行如下命令,登錄到那mysq>界面為成功。
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -h 192.168.1.210 -urep -p123456 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
退出上面執行的mysql 界面,重新使用root登錄Slaver的mysql界面執行導入Master信息操作。
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.210', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_USER='rep', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', -> MASTER_LOG_POS=332; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
10、slave查看master info信息
[root@Qinglin-B /]# cat /application/mysql/data/master.info 18 mysql-bin.000001 332 192.168.1.210 rep 123456 3306 60 0 0 1800.000 0
11、slave開啟slave開啟
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
12、檢查,有兩個標黃的OK,則是正常啟動(Seconds_Behind_Master 0 是落后主庫的秒數,0是正確)
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.210 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107 Relay_Log_File: Qinglin-B-relay-bin.000004 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107 Relay_Log_Space: 456 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1、Master創建一個數據庫
mysql> create database qinglin; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
2、slave 查看從庫relay文件中是否存在主庫創建的create數據庫qinglin
注:下列是截取的內容
[root@Qinglin-B data]# mysqlbinlog Qinglin-B-relay-bin.000004 SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; create database qinglin /*!*/; DELIMITER ;
3、檢查salve是否已經創建了一個數據庫
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | qinglin | +--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
看了以上關于MySQL 5.5主從復制實戰部署演義,希望能給大家在實際運用中帶來一定的幫助。本文由于篇幅有限,難免會有不足和需要補充的地方,如有需要更加專業的解答,可在官網聯系我們的24小時售前售后,隨時幫您解答問題的。
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