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在JAVA中發送HTTP請求的方式有哪些?相信很多沒有經驗的人對此束手無策,為此本文總結了問題出現的原因和解決方法,通過這篇文章希望你能解決這個問題。
Java是一門面向對象編程語言,可以編寫桌面應用程序、Web應用程序、分布式系統和嵌入式系統應用程序。
1. HttpURLConnection
使用JDK原生提供的net,無需其他jar包;
HttpURLConnection是URLConnection的子類,提供更多的方法,使用更方便。
package httpURLConnection; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; public class HttpURLConnectionHelper { public static String sendRequest(String urlParam,String requestType) { HttpURLConnection con = null; BufferedReader buffer = null; StringBuffer resultBuffer = null; try { URL url = new URL(urlParam); //得到連接對象 con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); //設置請求類型 con.setRequestMethod(requestType); //設置請求需要返回的數據類型和字符集類型 con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=GBK"); //允許寫出 con.setDoOutput(true); //允許讀入 con.setDoInput(true); //不使用緩存 con.setUseCaches(false); //得到響應碼 int responseCode = con.getResponseCode(); if(responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){ //得到響應流 InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream(); //將響應流轉換成字符串 resultBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String line; buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "GBK")); while ((line = buffer.readLine()) != null) { resultBuffer.append(line); } return resultBuffer.toString(); } }catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return ""; } public static void main(String[] args) { String url ="http://int.dpool.sina.com.cn/iplookup/iplookup.php?ip=120.79.75.96"; System.out.println(sendRequest(url,"POST")); } }
使用JDK原生提供的net,無需其他jar包;
建議使用HttpURLConnection
package uRLConnection; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection; public class URLConnectionHelper { public static String sendRequest(String urlParam) { URLConnection con = null; BufferedReader buffer = null; StringBuffer resultBuffer = null; try { URL url = new URL(urlParam); con = url.openConnection(); //設置請求需要返回的數據類型和字符集類型 con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=GBK"); //允許寫出 con.setDoOutput(true); //允許讀入 con.setDoInput(true); //不使用緩存 con.setUseCaches(false); //得到響應流 InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream(); //將響應流轉換成字符串 resultBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String line; buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "GBK")); while ((line = buffer.readLine()) != null) { resultBuffer.append(line); } return resultBuffer.toString(); }catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return ""; } public static void main(String[] args) { String url ="http://int.dpool.sina.com.cn/iplookup/iplookup.php?ip=120.79.75.96"; System.out.println(sendRequest(url)); } }
使用方便,我個人偏愛這種方式,但依賴于第三方jar包,相關maven依賴如下:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-httpclient/commons-httpclient --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId> <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> </dependency
package httpClient; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpException; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams; public class HttpClientHelper { public static String sendPost(String urlParam) throws HttpException, IOException { // 創建httpClient實例對象 HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); // 設置httpClient連接主機服務器超時時間:15000毫秒 httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000); // 創建post請求方法實例對象 PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(urlParam); // 設置post請求超時時間 postMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000); postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json"); httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod); String result = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); postMethod.releaseConnection(); return result; } public static String sendGet(String urlParam) throws HttpException, IOException { // 創建httpClient實例對象 HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); // 設置httpClient連接主機服務器超時時間:15000毫秒 httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000); // 創建GET請求方法實例對象 GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(urlParam); // 設置post請求超時時間 getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000); getMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json"); httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod); String result = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); getMethod.releaseConnection(); return result; } public static void main(String[] args) throws HttpException, IOException { String url ="http://int.dpool.sina.com.cn/iplookup/iplookup.php?ip=120.79.75.96"; System.out.println(sendPost(url)); System.out.println(sendGet(url)); } }
使用JDK原生提供的net,無需其他jar包;
使用起來有點麻煩。
package socket; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.URLEncoder; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; public class SocketForHttpTest { private int port; private String host; private Socket socket; private BufferedReader bufferedReader; private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter; public SocketForHttpTest(String host,int port) throws Exception{ this.host = host; this.port = port; /** * http協議 */ // socket = new Socket(this.host, this.port); /** * https協議 */ socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, this.port); } public void sendGet() throws IOException{ //String requestUrlPath = "/z69183787/article/details/17580325"; String requestUrlPath = "/"; OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()); bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter); bufferedWriter.write("GET " + requestUrlPath + " HTTP/1.1\r\n"); bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n"); bufferedWriter.write("\r\n"); bufferedWriter.flush(); BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8")); String line = null; while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){ System.out.println(line); } bufferedReader.close(); bufferedWriter.close(); socket.close(); } public void sendPost() throws IOException{ String path = "/"; String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("張三", "utf-8") + "&" + URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8"); // String data = "name=zhigang_jia"; System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"+data); OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8"); bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter); bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n"); bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n"); bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n"); bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n"); bufferedWriter.write("\r\n"); bufferedWriter.write(data); bufferedWriter.write("\r\n"); bufferedWriter.flush(); BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8")); String line = null; while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null) { System.out.println(line); } bufferedReader.close(); bufferedWriter.close(); socket.close(); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { /** * http協議測試 */ //SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 80); /** * https協議測試 */ SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 443); try { forHttpTest.sendGet(); // forHttpTest.sendPost(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
看完上述內容,你們掌握在JAVA中發送HTTP請求的方式有哪些的方法了嗎?如果還想學到更多技能或想了解更多相關內容,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!
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