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創建simplecmdb項目
一、創建項目simplecmdb，創建一個應用，startapp hostinfo，在setting中添加應用
[root@133 ]# cd /opt/python/django/ [root@133 django]# django-admin.py startproject simplecmdb [root@133 django]# cd simplecmdb/ [root@133 simplecmdb]# ls manage.py simplecmdb [root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py startapp hostinfo [root@133 simplecmdb]# cd simplecmdb/ [root@133 simplecmdb]# vim settings.py #添加app應用：hostinfo INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'hostinfo', ) ＃注釋這一行，允許使用第三方的中間鍵 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', ) ＃修改語言編碼和時區 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-cn' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' [root@133 django]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/ [root@133 simplecmdb]# ll 總用量 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 11:13 hostinfo -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 253 1月 4 11:12 manage.py drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 14:31 simplecmdb ＃啟動server [root@133 simplecmdb]# nohup python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080 &[root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080 Validating models... 0 errors found January 04, 2017 - 14:33:01 Django version 1.6.5, using settings 'simplecmdb.settings' Starting development server at http://112.65.140.133:8080/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
瀏覽器訪問ok：http://11.65.140.13:8080/
二、創建數據模型，在hostinfo中定義數據模型
[root@133 simplecmdb]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/ [root@133 hostinfo]# ll 總用量 28 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63 1月 4 11:13 admin.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194 1月 4 14:33 admin.pyc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 1月 4 11:13 __init__.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137 1月 4 14:33 __init__.pyc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57 1月 4 11:13 models.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 1月 4 14:33 models.pyc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 1月 4 11:13 tests.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63 1月 4 11:13 views.py [root@133 hostinfo]# vim models.py from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Host(models.Model): hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 50) ip = models.IPAddressField() vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 50) product = models.CharField(max_length = 50) sn = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 50) memory = models.CharField(max_length= 50) osver = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
初始化數據模型，即將數據模型保存到數據庫中
#檢查錯誤 [root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py validate 0 errors found ＃查看同步將會執行的sql [root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py sqlall hostinfo BEGIN; CREATE TABLE "hostinfo_host" ( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "hostname" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "ip" char(15) NOT NULL, "vendor" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "product" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "sn" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "cpu_model" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "cpu_num" integer NOT NULL, "memory" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "osver" varchar(50) NOT NULL ) ; COMMIT; ＃同步models到sql [root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py syncdb Creating tables ... Creating table django_admin_log Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table hostinfo_host You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root #用戶 Email address: david-dai@zamplus.com ＃郵箱 Password: ＃輸入密碼 Password (again): Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
打開admin頁面，輸入用戶名和密碼登錄，但是看不到host頁面，
如果需要看到host頁面，需要注冊host class，把需要顯示的字段在admin.py中定義，并且在admin.site.register中注冊
[root@133 simplecmdb]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/ [root@133 hostinfo]# vim admin.py from django.contrib import admin from hostinfo.models import Host ＃導入hostinfo目錄下的models.py這個模塊 # Register your models here.#把需要顯示的字段定義好，才能在web頁面上顯示出來 class HostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = [ 'hostname', 'ip', 'cpu_model', 'cpu_num', 'memory', 'vendor', 'product', 'osver', 'sn' ] admin.site.register(Host, HostAdmin)
注冊之后，發現Host在頁面上顯示了
點擊添加host，增加了host的配置，然后點擊保存，即可顯示相關的信息。
錯誤記錄：
在定義models.py中定義字段的時候，vendor錯誤寫成了vender，導致后面頁面去數據庫取數據找不到vendor字段，報錯
解決辦法：
1、刪除db.sqlite3
2、修改models.py，vender修改為vendor，重新初始化sqlite3數據庫
三、定義url訪問路徑（mvc中的c，正則表達式，當用戶訪問/hostinfo/collect 這個url,讓hostinfo應用中的views中的collect函數處理
[root@133 simplecmdb]# vim urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'simplecmdb.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^hostinfo/collect/$','hostinfo.views.collect'),#
)四、views.py定義訪問的方法
[root@133 simplecmdb]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from hostinfo.models import Host
# Create your views here.
def collect(req):
if req.POST:
hostname = req.POST.get('hostname')
ip = req.POST.get('ip')
osver = req.POST.get('osver')
vendor = req.POST.get('vendor')
product = req.POST.get('product')
cpu_model = req.POST.get('cpu_model')
cpu_num = req.POST.get('cpu_num')
memory = req.POST.get('memory')
sn = req.POST.get('sn')
host = Host()
host.hostname = hostname
host.ip = ip
host.osver = osver
host.vendor = vendor
host.product = product
host.cpu_model = cpu_model
host.cpu_num = cpu_num
host.memory = memory
host.sn = sn
host.save()
return HttpResponse('OK')
else:
return HttpResponse('no data')
#使用curl方法，傳遞參數，用get得到參數
[root@133 hostinfo]# curl -d hostname='node02' -d ip='192.168.1.2' -d osver='Centos6.5' -d vendor='HP' -d product='BL 380' -d sn='##$$123' -d cpu_model='Intel' -d cpu_num=16 -d memory='32G' http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/
OK
1、使用shell添加主機，shell腳本里面就是curl命令，查看頁面，結果顯示node03已經添加
[root@133 django]# cd /opt/python/django/ [root@133 django]# vim data.sh curl -d hostname='node03' -d ip='192.168.1.3' -d osver='Centos6.5' -d vendor='HP' -d product='BL 380' -d sn='##$$123' -d cpu_model='Intel' -d cpu_num=16 -d memory='32G' [root@133 django]# sh data.sh OK
2、python下urllib，urllib2，httplib方法傳遞數據 ，查看node04傳遞成功
[root@133 django]# ipython
In [4]: import urllib, urllib2
In [5]: help(urllib2.urlopen)
Help on function urlopen in module urllib2:
urlopen(url, data=None, timeout=<object object>)
In [7]: req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect')
In [8]: req.read()
Out[8]: 'no data' ＃直接返回no data
#'123'格式不對，需要是post格式才可以
In [12]: req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect',‘123’)
File "<ipython-input-12-eb17fa9ebc01>", line 1
req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect',‘123’) ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
In [13]: help(urllib.urlencode)
Help on function urlencode in module urllib:
urlencode(query, doseq=0)
Encode a sequence of two-element tuples or dictionary into a URL query string.
If any values in the query arg are sequences and doseq is true, each
sequence element is converted to a separate parameter.
If the query arg is a sequence of two-element tuples, the order of the
parameters in the output will match the order of parameters in the
input.
In [16]: urllib.urlencode({'hostname':'node05'})
Out[16]: 'hostname=node05'
In [18]: urllib.urlencode({'hostname':'node05','ip':'192.168.1.5'})
Out[18]: 'ip=192.168.1.5&hostname=node05'
In [19]: dic = {'hostname':'node04','ip':'192.168.1.4','osver':'CentOS6.5','vendor':'david','p
...: roduct':'BL 380','cpu_model':'Intel','cpu_num':'16','memory':'16G','sn':'12345'}
In [25]: dic
Out[25]:
{'vendor': 'david',
'cpu_model': 'Intel',
'cpu_num': '16',
'hostname': 'node04',
'ip': '192.168.1.4',
'memory': '16G',
'osver': 'CentOS6.5',
'product': 'BL 380',
'sn': '12345'}
In [20]: data = urllib.urlencode(dic)
In [21]: data
Out[21]: 'product=BL+380&vendor=david&osver=CentOS6.5&sn=12345&memory=16G&cpu_num=16&ip=192.168.1.4&hostname=node04&cpu_model=Intel'
In [12]: req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/',data)
In [13]: req.read()
Out[13]: 'OK'
3、修改python腳本，直接修改將收集到的系統信息發送到服務器
[root@133 django]# cat sysinformation.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import urllib,urllib2 #導入urllib模塊
from subprocess import Popen,PIPE
def getIfconfig():
p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout=PIPE)
data = p.stdout.read()
return data
def getDmi():
p = Popen(['dmidecode'], stdout = PIPE)
data = p.stdout.read()
return data
def parseData(data):
parsed_data = []
new_line = ''
data = [i for i in data.split('\n') if i ]
for line in data:
if line[0].strip():
parsed_data.append(new_line)
new_line = line + '\n'
else:
new_line +=line + '\n'
parsed_data.append(new_line)
return parsed_data
def parseIfconfig(parsed_data):
dic = {}
tuple_addr= ('lo','vir','vnet','em3','em4')
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i and not i.startswith(tuple_addr)]
for lines in parsed_data:
line_list = lines.split('\n')
devname = line_list[0].split()[0]
macaddr = line_list[0].split()[-1]
ipaddr = line_list[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
break
dic['ip'] = devname,ipaddr,macaddr
return dic
def parseDmi(parsed_data):
dic = {}
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i.startswith('System Information')]
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data[0].split('\n')[1:] if i]
dmi_dic = dict ([i.strip().split(':') for i in parsed_data])
dic ['vendor'] = dmi_dic['Manufacturer'].strip()
dic ['product'] = dmi_dic['Product Name'].strip()
dic ['sn'] = dmi_dic['Serial Number'].strip()
return dic
def getHostname(f):
with open(f) as fd:
for line in fd:
if line.startswith('HOSTNAME'):
hostname = line.split('=')[1].strip()
break
return {'hostname':hostname}
def getOSver(f):
with open(f) as fd:
for line in fd:
osver = line.strip()
break
return {'osver':osver}
def getCpu(f):
num = 0
with open(f) as fd:
for line in fd:
if line.startswith('processor'):
num +=1
if line.startswith('model name'):
cpu_model = line.split(':')[1].split()
cpu_model = cpu_model[0] + ' '+cpu_model[-1]
return {'cpu_num':num, 'cpu_model':cpu_model}
def getMemory(f):
with open(f) as fd:
for line in fd:
if line.startswith('MemTotal'):
mem = int(line.split()[1].strip())
break
mem = "%s" % int(mem/1024.0)+'M'
return {'memory':mem}
if __name__ == "__main__":
dic = {}
data_ip = getIfconfig()
parsed_data_ip = parseData(data_ip)
ip = parseIfconfig(parsed_data_ip)
data_dmi = getDmi()
parsed_data_dmi = parseData(data_dmi)
dmi = parseDmi(parsed_data_dmi)
hostname = getHostname('/etc/sysconfig/network')
osver = getOSver('/etc/issue')
cpu = getCpu('/proc/cpuinfo')
mem = getMemory('/proc/meminfo')
dic.update(ip)
dic.update(dmi)
dic.update(hostname)
dic.update(cpu)
dic.update(mem)
dic.update(osver)
#將字典dic內容轉換為urlencode格式，并用urlopen打開網頁并傳遞數據，使用req.read()返回結果
d = urllib.urlencode(dic)
req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/',d)
print req.read()
[root@133 django]# python sysinformation.py
OK網頁查看，真實的系統信息已經收集到了
五、對收集的主機信息進行分組管理
創建HostGroup表，models.py
[root@133 simplecmdb]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/
[root@133 hostinfo]# ll
總用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 1月 4 15:38 admin.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 669 1月 4 16:10 admin.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 1月 4 11:13 __init__.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137 1月 4 14:33 __init__.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 498 1月 4 15:25 models.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 738 1月 4 15:25 models.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 1月 4 11:13 tests.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1099 1月 4 17:17 views.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1115 1月 4 17:17 views.pyc
[root@133 hostinfo]# vim models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
product = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
osver = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
class HostGroup(models.Model):
groupname = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
＃同步數據庫,創建了2個表
[root@133 hostinfo]# cd ..
[root@133 simplecmdb]# ll
總用量 60
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35840 1月 4 17:50 db.sqlite3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 20:10 hostinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 253 1月 4 11:12 manage.py
-rw------- 1 root root 8640 1月 4 16:59 nohup.out
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 18:49 simplecmdb
[root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup_members
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
[root@133 simplecmdb]# ll
總用量 68
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41984 1月 4 20:10 db.sqlite3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 20:10 hostinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 253 1月 4 11:12 manage.py
-rw------- 1 root root 8640 1月 4 16:59 nohup.out
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 18:49 simplecmdb
[root@133 simplecmdb]# sqlite3 db.sqlite3
SQLite version 3.6.20
Enter ".help" for instructions
Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"
sqlite> .tables
auth_group django_admin_log
auth_group_permissions django_content_type
auth_permission django_session
auth_user hostinfo_host
auth_user_groups hostinfo_hostgroup
auth_user_user_permissions hostinfo_hostgroup_members
sqlite> .schema hostinfo_hostgroup
CREATE TABLE "hostinfo_hostgroup" (
"id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
"groupname" varchar(50) NOT NULL
);
sqlite> .schema hostinfo_hostgroup_members
CREATE TABLE "hostinfo_hostgroup_members" (
"id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
"hostgroup_id" integer NOT NULL,
"host_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "hostinfo_host" ("id"),
UNIQUE ("hostgroup_id", "host_id")
);
CREATE INDEX "hostinfo_hostgroup_members_27f00f5d" ON "hostinfo_hostgroup_members" ("host_id");
CREATE INDEX "hostinfo_hostgroup_members_521bb4b0" ON "hostinfo_hostgroup_members" ("hostgroup_id");
sqlite>
sqlite> .exit注冊數據庫，admin.py
[root@133 hostinfo]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/admin.py from django.contrib import admin from hostinfo.models import Host,HostGroup # Register your models here. class HostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = [ 'hostname', 'ip', 'cpu_model', 'cpu_num', 'memory', 'vendor', 'product', 'osver', 'sn' ] class HostGroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ['groupname'] admin.site.register(Host, HostAdmin) admin.site.register(HostGroup,HostGroupAdmin)
可以看到Host groups組
如果需要分組的時候顯示主機名hostname，需要在modles中繼承并重寫self方法
[root@133 hostinfo]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/models.py from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Host(models.Model): hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 50) ip = models.IPAddressField() vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 50) product = models.CharField(max_length = 50) sn = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 50) memory = models.CharField(max_length = 50) osver = models.CharField(max_length = 50) ＃這里指定使用hostname顯示 def __unicode__(self): return self.hostname class HostGroup(models.Model): groupname = models.CharField(max_length = 50) members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
問題：關于def __unicode__(self): 他的作用是什么是啊，這return hostname 可是怎么和下邊的函數HostGroup 關聯起來的呢？
主機與主機組是通過members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)這個字段關聯起來的。
def __unicode__(self)它的作用與在類里重寫__str__()這個方法是一樣的。讓類返回一個字節串，否則members顯示的是對象。
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