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這篇文章給大家分享的是有關PHP面向對象程序設計之對象生成的示例分析的內容。小編覺得挺實用的,因此分享給大家做個參考,一起跟隨小編過來看看吧。
具體如下:
對象
看個例子
<?php abstract class Employee { // 雇員 protected $name; function __construct( $name ) { $this->name = $name; } abstract function fire(); } class Minion extends Employee { // 奴隸 繼承 雇員 function fire() { print "{$this->name}: I'll clear my desk\n"; } } class NastyBoss { // 壞老板 private $employees = array(); function addEmployee( $employeeName ) { // 添加員工 $this->employees[] = new Minion( $employeeName ); // 代碼靈活性受到限制 } function projectFails() { if ( count( $this->employees ) > 0 ) { $emp = array_pop( $this->employees ); $emp->fire(); // 炒魷魚 } } } $boss = new NastyBoss(); $boss->addEmployee( "harry" ); $boss->addEmployee( "bob" ); $boss->addEmployee( "mary" ); $boss->projectFails(); // output: // mary: I'll clear my desk ?>
再看一個更具有靈活性的案例
<?php abstract class Employee { protected $name; function __construct( $name ) { $this->name = $name; } abstract function fire(); } class Minion extends Employee { function fire() { print "{$this->name}: I'll clear my desk\n"; } } class NastyBoss { private $employees = array(); function addEmployee( Employee $employee ) { // 傳入對象 $this->employees[] = $employee; } function projectFails() { if ( count( $this->employees ) ) { $emp = array_pop( $this->employees ); $emp->fire(); } } } // new Employee class... class CluedUp extends Employee { function fire() { print "{$this->name}: I'll call my lawyer\n"; } } $boss = new NastyBoss(); $boss->addEmployee( new Minion( "harry" ) ); // 直接以對象作為參數,更具有靈活性 $boss->addEmployee( new CluedUp( "bob" ) ); $boss->addEmployee( new Minion( "mary" ) ); $boss->projectFails(); $boss->projectFails(); $boss->projectFails(); // output: // mary: I'll clear my desk // bob: I'll call my lawyer // harry: I'll clear my desk ?>
單例
<?php class Preferences { private $props = array(); private static $instance; // 私有的,靜態屬性 private function __construct() { } // 無法實例化,私有的構造函數 public static function getInstance() { // 返回對象 靜態方法才可以被類訪問,靜態方法中要有靜態屬性 if ( empty( self::$instance ) ) { self::$instance = new Preferences(); } return self::$instance; } public function setProperty( $key, $val ) { $this->props[$key] = $val; } public function getProperty( $key ) { return $this->props[$key]; } } $pref = Preferences::getInstance(); $pref->setProperty( "name", "matt" ); unset( $pref ); // remove the reference $pref2 = Preferences::getInstance(); print $pref2->getProperty( "name" ) ."\n"; // demonstrate value is not lost ?>
點評:不能隨意創建對象,只能通過Preferences::getInstance()來創建對象。
工廠模式
<?php abstract class ApptEncoder { abstract function encode(); } class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder { function encode() { return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format\n"; } } class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder { function encode() { return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format\n"; } } class CommsManager { // 負責生產Bloggs對象 function getApptEncoder() { return new BloggsApptEncoder(); } } $obj = new CommsManager(); $bloggs = $obj->getApptEncoder(); // 獲取對象 print $bloggs->encode(); ?>
output:
Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
進一步增加靈活性設置
<?php abstract class ApptEncoder { abstract function encode(); } class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder { function encode() { return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format\n"; } } class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder { function encode() { return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format\n"; } } class CommsManager { const BLOGGS = 1; const MEGA = 2; private $mode ; function __construct( $mode ) { $this->mode = $mode; } function getHeaderText() { switch ( $this->mode ) { case ( self::MEGA ): return "MegaCal header\n"; default: return "BloggsCal header\n"; } } function getApptEncoder() { switch ( $this->mode ) { case ( self::MEGA ): return new MegaApptEncoder(); default: return new BloggsApptEncoder(); } } } $man = new CommsManager( CommsManager::MEGA ); print ( get_class( $man->getApptEncoder() ) )."\n"; $man = new CommsManager( CommsManager::BLOGGS ); print ( get_class( $man->getApptEncoder() ) )."\n"; ?>
output:
MegaApptEncoder
BloggsApptEncoder
工廠方法模式要把創建者類與要生產的產品類分離開來。
抽象工廠
通過抽象來來約束,成為一定的規矩。
<?php abstract class ApptEncoder { abstract function encode(); } class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder { function encode() { return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format\n"; } } class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder { function encode() { return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format\n"; } } abstract class CommsManager { // 預約 abstract function getHeaderText(); abstract function getApptEncoder(); abstract function getTtdEncoder(); abstract function getContactEncoder(); abstract function getFooterText(); } class BloggsCommsManager extends CommsManager { function getHeaderText() { return "BloggsCal header\n"; } function getApptEncoder() { return new BloggsApptEncoder(); } function getTtdEncoder() { return new BloggsTtdEncoder(); } function getContactEncoder() { return new BloggsContactEncoder(); } function getFooterText() { return "BloggsCal footer\n"; } } class MegaCommsManager extends CommsManager { function getHeaderText() { return "MegaCal header\n"; } function getApptEncoder() { return new MegaApptEncoder(); } function getTtdEncoder() { return new MegaTtdEncoder(); } function getContactEncoder() { return new MegaContactEncoder(); } function getFooterText() { return "MegaCal footer\n"; } } $mgr = new MegaCommsManager(); print $mgr->getHeaderText(); print $mgr->getApptEncoder()->encode(); // 對象調用方法,返回對象,繼續調用方法。 print $mgr->getFooterText(); ?>
output:
MegaCal header
Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format
MegaCal footer
更加牛逼的實現
<?php // 根據類圖,規劃類的代碼。從大局入手。 abstract class ApptEncoder { abstract function encode(); } class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder { function encode() { return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format\n"; } } class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder { function encode() { return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format\n"; } } abstract class CommsManager { const APPT = 1; const TTD = 2; const CONTACT = 3; abstract function getHeaderText(); abstract function make( $flag_int ); // int標記 abstract function getFooterText(); } class BloggsCommsManager extends CommsManager { function getHeaderText() { return "BloggsCal header\n"; } function make( $flag_int ) { switch ( $flag_int ) { case self::APPT: // self直接控制常量 return new BloggsApptEncoder(); case self::CONTACT: return new BloggsContactEncoder(); case self::TTD: return new BloggsTtdEncoder(); } } function getFooterText() { return "BloggsCal footer\n"; } } $mgr = new BloggsCommsManager(); print $mgr->getHeaderText(); print $mgr->make( CommsManager::APPT )->encode(); print $mgr->getFooterText(); ?>
output:
BloggsCal header
Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
BloggsCal footer
原型模式
改造成一個保存具體產品的工廠類。
<?php class Sea {} // 大海 class EarthSea extends Sea {} class MarsSea extends Sea {} class Plains {} // 平原 class EarthPlains extends Plains {} class MarsPlains extends Plains {} class Forest {} // 森林 class EarthForest extends Forest {} class MarsForest extends Forest {} class TerrainFactory { // 地域工廠 private $sea; private $forest; private $plains; function __construct( Sea $sea, Plains $plains, Forest $forest ) { // 定義變量為類對象 $this->sea = $sea; $this->plains = $plains; $this->forest = $forest; } function getSea( ) { return clone $this->sea; // 克隆 } function getPlains( ) { return clone $this->plains; } function getForest( ) { return clone $this->forest; } } $factory = new TerrainFactory( new EarthSea(), new EarthPlains(), new EarthForest() ); print_r( $factory->getSea() ); print_r( $factory->getPlains() ); print_r( $factory->getForest() ); ?>
output:
EarthSea Object ( ) EarthPlains Object ( ) EarthForest Object ( )
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