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下文內容主要給大家帶來安裝MySQL-5.5.49流程及配置多實例,所講到的知識,與書籍略有不同,都是億速云專業技術人員在與用戶接觸過程中,總結出來的,具有一定的經驗分享價值,希望給廣大讀者帶來幫助。
安裝MySQL-5.5.49
安裝包的獲取:http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/
# 安裝MySQL需要的依賴包 yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y rpm -qa ncurses-devel libaio-devel # 安裝編譯MySQL需要的軟件 yum install cmake -y rpm -qa cmake # 創建用戶 useradd mysql -u 777 -s /sbin/nologin -M id mysql
上傳MySQL包,解壓
mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools cd /home/oldboy/tools rz -y #mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz ll -sh tar xf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz cd mysql-5.5.49
編譯安裝
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.49 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/data \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/tmp/mysql.sock \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \ -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ -DWITH_DEBUG=0 make && make install && echo $? cd ..
創建軟鏈接
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql
配置多實例
創建數據庫文件目錄,配置文件
mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data touch /data/{3306,3307}/{mysql,my.cnf}
tree /data/ /data/ ├── 3306#<==實例3306 │ ├── data#<==3306數據庫文件目錄 │ ├── my.cnf#<==3306配置文件 │ └── mysql#<==3306啟動腳本 └── 3307#<==實例3307 ├── data#<==3307數據庫文件目錄 ├── my.cnf#<==3307配置文件 └── mysql#<==3307啟動腳本
實例3306配置文件
vim /data/3306/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3306/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3306/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 1 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3306/mysql_oldboy3306.err pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid
實例3307配置文件
vim /data/3307/my.cnf [client] port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3307/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M #long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3307/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid #log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 3 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3307/mysql_oldboy3307.err pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid
實例3306啟動腳本
vim /data/3306/mysql #!/bin/sh ################################################ #this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09 #oldboy QQ:31333741 #site:http://www.etiantian.org #blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com #oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307 44246017 ################################################ #init port=3306 mysql_user="root" mysql_pwd="oldboy" CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin" mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock" #startup function function_start_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then printf "Starting MySQL...\n" /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & else printf "MySQL is running...\n" exit fi } #stop function function_stop_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then printf "MySQL is stopped...\n" exit else printf "Stoping MySQL...\n" ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown fi } #restart function function_restart_mysql() { printf "Restarting MySQL...\n" function_stop_mysql sleep 2 function_start_mysql } case $1 in start) function_start_mysql ;; stop) function_stop_mysql ;; restart) function_restart_mysql ;; *) printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n" esac
實例3307啟動腳本
vim /data/3307/mysql #!/bin/sh ################################################ #this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09 #oldboy QQ:31333741 #site:http://www.etiantian.org #blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com #oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307 44246017 ################################################ #init port=3307 mysql_user="root" mysql_pwd="oldboy" CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin" mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock" #startup function function_start_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then printf "Starting MySQL...\n" /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & else printf "MySQL is running...\n" exit fi } #stop function function_stop_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then printf "MySQL is stopped...\n" exit else printf "Stoping MySQL...\n" ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown fi } #restart function function_restart_mysql() { printf "Restarting MySQL...\n" function_stop_mysql sleep 2 function_start_mysql } case $1 in start) function_start_mysql ;; stop) function_stop_mysql ;; restart) function_restart_mysql ;; *) printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n" esac
修改啟動腳本的權限
find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargs chmod 700
授權mysql用戶管理/data目錄
chown -R mysql.mysql /data
初使化數據庫
cd /application/mysql/scripts/ ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data/ ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data/
啟動多實例,加入開機自啟動
/data/3306/mysql start /data/3307/mysql start netstat -tunlp |grep 330
# echo命令的 -e參數處理特殊字符;\n 換行且光標移至行首 echo -e "\n##mysql multi instance\n/data/3306/mysql start\n/data/3307/mysql start">>/etc/rc.local
tail -3 /etc/rc.local ##mysql multi instance /data/3306/mysql start /data/3307/mysql start
設置環境變量
方法一:將mysql的相關命令放入到已經是環境變量的目錄下(推薦!!)
cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
方法二
export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATH echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATH' >>/etc/profile tail -1 /etc/profile source /etc/profile echo $PATH
登錄與退出多實例
多實例的登錄(無密碼)
mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
退出登錄(4種)
mysql> exit mysql> quit mysql> Ctrl + c mysql> Ctrl + d
設置密碼
mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
更改密碼為:oldboy456
mysqladmin -uroot -poldboy123 password 'oldboy456' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
多實例的登錄(有密碼)
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
再加一個實例3308
mkdir /data/3308/data -p cp /data/3306/{my.cnf,mysql} /data/3308/ sed -i 's#3306#3308#g' /data/3308/{my.cnf,mysql} sed -i 's#server-id = 1#server-id = 8#g' /data/3308/my.cnf chown -R mysql.mysql /data/3308 chmod 700 /data/3308/mysql cd /application/mysql-5.5.49/scripts/ ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data/ /data/3308/mysql start echo "/data/3308/mysql start" >>/etc/rc.local netstat -tunpl |grep 330 mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3308/mysql.sock mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
MySQL多實例優化
清理無用的MySQL庫(3306)
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock drop database test; show databases;
清理無用的MySQL用戶
select user,host from mysql.user; drop user "root"@"::1"; drop user " "@"db02"; drop user "root"@"db02"; drop user " "@"localhost";
故障:drop命令刪除不了用戶
可能是大寫及Linux主機名導致的,注意:刪除用戶盡量用drop命令,不要用delete命令
解決方法如下:
delete from mysql.user where user='' and host='S1'; delete from mysql.user where user='root' and host='S1';
刷新權限
刷新權限,使更改立馬生效
flush privileges;
對于以上關于安裝MySQL-5.5.49流程及配置多實例,如果大家還有更多需要了解的可以持續關注我們億速云的行業推新,如需獲取專業解答,可在官網聯系售前售后的,希望該文章可給大家帶來一定的知識更新。
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