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這篇文章主要介紹如何通過修改Laravel Auth使用salt和password進行認證用戶,文中介紹的非常詳細,具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完!
Laraval自帶的用戶認證系統Auth非常強大易用,不過在Laravel的用戶認證系統中用戶注冊、登錄、找回密碼這些模塊中用到密碼加密和認證算法時使用的都是bcrypt,而很多之前做的項目用戶表里都是采用存儲salt + password加密字符串的方式來記錄用戶的密碼的,這就給使用Laravel框架來重構之前的項目帶來了很大的阻力,不過最近自己通過在網上找資料、看社區論壇、看源碼等方式完成了對Laravel Auth的修改,在這里分享出來希望能對其他人有所幫助。 開篇之前需要再說明下如果是新項目應用Laravel框架,那么不需要對Auth進行任何修改,默認的bcrypt加密算法是比salt + password更安全更高效的加密算法。
修改用戶注冊
首先,在laravel 里啟用驗證是用的artisan命令
php artisan make:auth
執行完命令后在routes文件(位置:app/Http/routes.php)會多一條靜態方法調用
Route::auth();
這個Route是Laravel的一個Facade (位于Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route), 調用的auth方法定義在Illuminate\Routing\Router類里, 如下可以看到auth方法里就是定義了一些Auth相關的路由規則
/** * Register the typical authentication routes for an application. * * @return void */ public function auth() { // Authentication Routes... $this->get('login', 'Auth\AuthController@showLoginForm'); $this->post('login', 'Auth\AuthController@login'); $this->get('logout', 'Auth\AuthController@logout'); // Registration Routes... $this->get('register', 'Auth\AuthController@showRegistrationForm'); $this->post('register', 'Auth\AuthController@register'); // Password Reset Routes... $this->get('password/reset/{token?}', 'Auth\PasswordController@showResetForm'); $this->post('password/email', 'Auth\PasswordController@sendResetLinkEmail'); $this->post('password/reset', 'Auth\PasswordController@reset'); }
通過路由規則可以看到注冊時請求的控制器方法是AuthController的register方法, 該方法定義在\Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\RegistersUsers這個traits里,AuthController在類定義里引入了這個traits.
/** * Handle a registration request for the application. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function register(Request $request) { $validator = $this->validator($request->all()); if ($validator->fails()) { $this->throwValidationException( $request, $validator ); } Auth::guard($this->getGuard())->login($this->create($request->all())); return redirect($this->redirectPath()); }
在register方法里首先會對request里的用戶輸入數據進行驗證,你只需要在AuthController的validator方法里定義自己的每個輸入字段的驗證規則就可以
protected function validator(array $data) { return Validator::make($data, [ 'name' => 'required|max:255', 'email' => 'required|email|max:255|unique:user', 'password' => 'required|size:40|confirmed', ]); }
接著往下看驗證通過后,Laravel會掉用AuthController的create方法來生成新用戶,然后拿著新用戶的數據去登錄Auth::guard($this->getGuard())->login($this->create($request->all()));
所以我們要自定義用戶注冊時生成用戶密碼的加密方式只需要修改AuthController的create方法即可。
比如:
/** * Create a new user instance after a valid registration. * * @param array $data * @return User */ protected function create(array $data) { $salt = Str::random(6); return User::create([ 'nickname' => $data['name'], 'email' => $data['email'], 'password' => sha1($salt . $data['password']), 'register_time' => time(), 'register_ip' => ip2long(request()->ip()), 'salt' => $salt ]); }
修改用戶登錄
修改登錄前我們需要先通過路由規則看一下登錄請求的具體控制器和方法,在上文提到的auth方法定義里可以看到
$this->get('login', 'Auth\AuthController@showLoginForm'); $this->post('login', 'Auth\AuthController@login'); $this->get('logout', 'Auth\AuthController@logout');
驗證登錄的操作是在\App\Http\Controllers\Auth\AuthController類的login方法里。打開AuthController發現Auth相關的方法都是通過性狀(traits)引入到類內的,在類內use 要引入的traits,在編譯時PHP就會把traits里的代碼copy到類中,這是PHP5.5引入的特性具體適用場景和用途這里不細講。 所以AuthController@login
方法實際是定義在
\Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\AuthenticatesUsers這個traits里的
/** * Handle a login request to the application. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function login(Request $request) { $this->validateLogin($request); $throttles = $this->isUsingThrottlesLoginsTrait(); if ($throttles && $lockedOut = $this->hasTooManyLoginAttempts($request)) { $this->fireLockoutEvent($request); return $this->sendLockoutResponse($request); } $credentials = $this->getCredentials($request); if (Auth::guard($this->getGuard())->attempt($credentials, $request->has('remember'))) { return $this->handleUserWasAuthenticated($request, $throttles); } if ($throttles && ! $lockedOut) { $this->incrementLoginAttempts($request); } return $this->sendFailedLoginResponse($request); }
登錄驗證的主要操作是在Auth::guard($this->getGuard())->attempt($credentials, $request->has('remember'));
這個方法調用中來進行的,Auth::guard($this->getGuard())
獲取到的是\Illuminate\Auth\SessionGuard (具體如何獲取的看Auth這個Facade \Illuminate\Auth\AuthManager里的源碼)
看一下SessionGuard里attempt 方法是如何實現的:
public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false, $login = true) { $this->fireAttemptEvent($credentials, $remember, $login); $this->lastAttempted = $user = $this->provider->retrieveByCredentials($credentials); if ($this->hasValidCredentials($user, $credentials)) { if ($login) { $this->login($user, $remember); } return true; } if ($login) { $this->fireFailedEvent($user, $credentials); } return false; } /** * Determine if the user matches the credentials. * * @param mixed $user * @param array $credentials * @return bool */ protected function hasValidCredentials($user, $credentials) { return ! is_null($user) && $this->provider->validateCredentials($user, $credentials); }
retrieveByCredentials是用傳遞進來的字段從數據庫中取出用戶數據的,validateCredentials是用來驗證密碼是否正確的實際過程。
這里需要注意的是$this->provider
這個provider是一個實現了\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider類的provider, 我們看到目錄Illuminate\Auth下面有兩個UserProvider的實現,分別為DatabaseUserProvider和EloquentUserProvider, 但是我們驗證密碼的時候是通過那個來驗證的呢,看一下auth的配置文件
'providers' => [ 'users' => [ 'driver' => 'eloquent', 'model' => App\User::class, //這個是driver用的Model ], ],
這里配置的是driver => eloquent
, 那么就是通過EloquentUserProvider的retrieveByCredentials來驗證的, 這個EloquentUserProvider 是在SessionGuard實例化時被注入進來的, (具體是怎么通過讀取auth配置文件, 實例化相應的provider注入到SessionGuard里的請查閱\Illuminate\Auth\AuthManager 里createSessionDriver方法的源代碼)
接下來我們繼續查看EloquentUserProvider中retrieveByCredentials和validateCredentials方法的實現:
/** * Retrieve a user by the given credentials. * * @param array $credentials * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null */ public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials) { if (empty($credentials)) { return; } $query = $this->createModel()->newQuery(); foreach ($credentials as $key => $value) { if (! Str::contains($key, 'password')) { $query->where($key, $value); } } return $query->first(); } /** * Validate a user against the given credentials. * * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user * @param array $credentials * @return bool */ public function validateCredentials(UserContract $user, array $credentials) { $plain = $credentials['password']; return $this->hasher->check($plain, $user->getAuthPassword()); }
上面兩個方法retrieveByCredentials用除了密碼以外的字段從數據庫用戶表里取出用戶記錄,比如用email查詢出用戶記錄,然后validateCredentials方法就是通過$this->haser->check
來將輸入的密碼和哈希的密碼進行比較來驗證密碼是否正確。
好了, 看到這里就很明顯了, 我們需要改成自己的密碼驗證就是自己實現一下validateCredentials就可以了, 修改$this->hasher->check為我們自己的密碼驗證規則就可以了。
首先我們修改$user->getAuthPassword()
把數據庫中用戶表的salt和password傳遞到validateCredentials中
修改App\User.php 添加如下代碼
/** * The table associated to this model */ protected $table = 'user';//用戶表名不是laravel約定的這里要指定一下
/** * 禁用Laravel自動管理timestamp列 */ public $timestamps = false; /** * 覆蓋Laravel中默認的getAuthPassword方法, 返回用戶的password和salt字段 * @return type */ public function getAuthPassword() { return ['password' => $this->attributes['password'], 'salt' => $this->attributes['salt']]; }
然后我們在建立一個自己的UserProvider接口的實現,放到自定義的目錄中:
新建app/Foundation/Auth/AdminEloquentUserProvider.php
namespace App\Foundation\Auth; use Illuminate\Auth\EloquentUserProvider; use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable; use Illuminate\Support\Str; class AdminEloquentUserProvider extends EloquentUserProvider { /** * Validate a user against the given credentials. * * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user * @param array $credentials */ public function validateCredentials(Authenticatable $user, array $credentials) { $plain = $credentials['password']; $authPassword = $user->getAuthPassword(); return sha1($authPassword['salt'] . $plain) == $authPassword['password']; } }
最后我們修改auth配置文件讓Laravel在做Auth驗證時使用我們剛定義的Provider,
修改config/auth.php:
'providers' => [ 'users' => [ 'driver' => 'admin-eloquent', 'model' => App\User::class, ] ]
修改app/Provider/AuthServiceProvider.php
public function boot(GateContract $gate) { $this->registerPolicies($gate); \Auth::provider('admin-eloquent', function ($app, $config) { return New \App\Foundation\Auth\AdminEloquentUserProvider($app['hash'], $config['model']); }); }
Auth::provider方法是用來注冊Provider構造器的,這個構造器是一個Closure,provider方法的具體代碼實現在AuthManager文件里
public function provider($name, Closure $callback) { $this->customProviderCreators[$name] = $callback; return $this; }
閉包返回了AdminEloquentUserProvider對象供Laravel Auth使用,好了做完這些修改后Laravel的Auth在做用戶登錄驗證的時候采用的就是自定義的salt + password的方式了。
修改重置密碼
Laravel 的重置密碼的工作流程是:
向需要重置密碼的用戶的郵箱發送一封帶有重置密碼鏈接的郵件,鏈接中會包含用戶的email地址和token。
用戶點擊郵件中的鏈接在重置密碼頁面輸入新的密碼,Laravel通過驗證email和token確認用戶就是發起重置密碼請求的用戶后將新密碼更新到用戶在數據表的記錄里。
第一步需要配置Laravel的email功能,此外還需要在數據庫中創建一個新表password_resets來存儲用戶的email和對應的token
CREATE TABLE `password_resets` ( `email` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `token` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `created_at` timestamp NOT NULL, KEY `password_resets_email_index` (`email`), KEY `password_resets_token_index` (`token`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
通過重置密碼表單的提交地址可以看到,表單把新的密碼用post提交給了/password/reset,我們先來看一下auth相關的路由,確定/password/reset對應的控制器方法。
$this->post('password/reset', 'Auth\PasswordController@reset');
可以看到對應的控制器方法是\App\Http\Controllers\Auth\PasswordController類的reset方法,這個方法實際是定義在\Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\ResetsPasswords 這個traits里,PasswordController引入了這個traits
/** * Reset the given user's password. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function reset(Request $request) { $this->validate( $request, $this->getResetValidationRules(), $this->getResetValidationMessages(), $this->getResetValidationCustomAttributes() ); $credentials = $this->getResetCredentials($request); $broker = $this->getBroker(); $response = Password::broker($broker)->reset($credentials, function ($user, $password) { $this->resetPassword($user, $password); }); switch ($response) { case Password::PASSWORD_RESET: return $this->getResetSuccessResponse($response); default: return $this->getResetFailureResponse($request, $response); } }
方法開頭先通過validator對輸入進行驗證,接下來在程序里傳遞把新密碼和一個閉包對象傳遞給Password::broker($broker)->reset();方法,這個方法定義在\Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBroker類里.
/** * Reset the password for the given token. * * @param array $credentials * @param \Closure $callback * @return mixed */ public function reset(array $credentials, Closure $callback) { // If the responses from the validate method is not a user instance, we will // assume that it is a redirect and simply return it from this method and // the user is properly redirected having an error message on the post. $user = $this->validateReset($credentials); if (! $user instanceof CanResetPasswordContract) { return $user; } $pass = $credentials['password']; // Once we have called this callback, we will remove this token row from the // table and return the response from this callback so the user gets sent // to the destination given by the developers from the callback return. call_user_func($callback, $user, $pass); $this->tokens->delete($credentials['token']); return static::PASSWORD_RESET; }
在PasswordBroker的reset方法里,程序會先對用戶提交的數據做再一次的認證,然后把密碼和用戶實例傳遞給傳遞進來的閉包,在閉包調用里完成了將新密碼更新到用戶表的操作, 在閉包里程序調用了的PasswrodController類的resetPassword方法
function ($user, $password) { $this->resetPassword($user, $password); });
PasswrodController類resetPassword方法的定義
protected function resetPassword($user, $password) { $user->forceFill([ 'password' => bcrypt($password), 'remember_token' => Str::random(60), ])->save(); Auth::guard($this->getGuard())->login($user); }
在這個方法里Laravel 用的是bcrypt 加密了密碼, 那么要改成我們需要的salt + password的方式,我們在PasswordController類里重寫resetPassword方法覆蓋掉traits里的該方法就可以了。
/** * 覆蓋ResetsPasswords traits里的resetPassword方法,改為用sha1(salt + password)的加密方式 * Reset the given user's password. * * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword $user * @param string $password * @return void */ protected function resetPassword($user, $password) { $salt = Str::random(6); $user->forceFill([ 'password' => sha1($salt . $password), 'salt' => $salt, 'remember_token' => Str::random(60), ])->save(); \Auth::guard($this->getGuard())->login($user); }
結語
到這里對Laravel Auth的自定義就完成了,注冊、登錄和重置密碼都改成了sha1(salt + password)的密碼加密方式, 所有自定義代碼都是通過定義Laravel相關類的子類和重寫方法來完成沒有修改Laravel的源碼,這樣既保持了良好的可擴展性也保證了項目能夠自由遷移。
注:使用的Laravel版本為5.2
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