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Django如何實現自定義用戶認證系統

發布時間:2020-11-16 15:44:56 來源:億速云 閱讀:384 作者:Leah 欄目:開發技術

Django如何實現自定義用戶認證系統?很多新手對此不是很清楚,為了幫助大家解決這個難題,下面小編將為大家詳細講解,有這方面需求的人可以來學習下,希望你能有所收獲。

自定義用戶認證系統

Django 自帶的用戶認證系統已經可以滿足大部分的情況,但是有時候我們需要某些特定的需求。Django 支持使用其他認證系統、也可以擴展Django的User模塊,完全自定義新的認證模塊。

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
  BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager):
  def create_user(self, email, name, password=None):
    """
    Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of
    birth and password.
    """
    if not email:
      raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')

    user = self.model(
      email=self.normalize_email(email),
      name=name,
    )

    user.set_password(password)
    user.save(using=self._db)
    return user

  def create_superuser(self, email, name, password):
    """
    Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, date of
    birth and password.
    """
    user = self.create_user(
      email,
      password=password,
      name=name,
    )
    user.is_admin = True
    user.save(using=self._db)
    return user

class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser):
  '''賬號表'''
  email = models.EmailField(
    verbose_name='email address',
    max_length=255,
    unique=True,
  )
  name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
  is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)

  objects = MyUserManager()

  USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
  REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name']

  def __str__(self):
    return self.email

  def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
    "Does the user have a specific permission?"
    # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
    return True

  def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
    "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
    # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
    return True

  @property
  def is_staff(self):
    "Is the user a member of staff?"
    # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
    return self.is_admin

注意:email, name等字段都是可以自定義的

b、在admin.py中添加如下代碼:

from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField

from customauth.models import MyUser


class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
  """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
  fields, plus a repeated password."""
  password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
  password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)

  class Meta:
    model = MyUser
    fields = ('email', 'date_of_birth')

  def clean_password2(self):
    # Check that the two password entries match
    password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
    password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
    if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
      raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
    return password2

  def save(self, commit=True):
    # Save the provided password in hashed format
    user = super().save(commit=False)
    user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
    if commit:
      user.save()
    return user


class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
  """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
  the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
  password hash display field.
  """
  password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()

  class Meta:
    model = MyUser
    fields = ('email', 'password', 'date_of_birth', 'is_active', 'is_admin')

  def clean_password(self):
    # Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.
    # This is done here, rather than on the field, because the
    # field does not have access to the initial value
    return self.initial["password"]


class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
  # The forms to add and change user instances
  form = UserChangeForm
  add_form = UserCreationForm

  # The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
  # These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
  # that reference specific fields on auth.User.
  list_display = ('email', 'date_of_birth', 'is_admin')
  list_filter = ('is_admin',)
  fieldsets = (
    (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
    ('Personal info', {'fields': ('date_of_birth',)}),
    ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}),
  )
  # add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
  # overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
  add_fieldsets = (
    (None, {
      'classes': ('wide',),
      'fields': ('email', 'date_of_birth', 'password1', 'password2')}
    ),
  )
  search_fields = ('email',)
  ordering = ('email',)
  filter_horizontal = ()

# Now register the new UserAdmin...
admin.site.register(MyUser, UserAdmin)
# ... and, since we're not using Django's built-in permissions,
# unregister the Group model from admin.
admin.site.unregister(Group)

C、 在settings.py中添加配置:

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'customauth.MyUser' #customauth指APP name, MyUser指自定義的用戶表model類
(這個時候仍然可以使用django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout 等認證方法,只是保存數據的表不一樣)

D、創建超級用戶

首先我們要新建一個用戶名,用來登陸管理網站,可以使用如下命令:

python manage.py createsuperuser

輸入想要使用的用戶名:

Username (leave blank to use 'administrator'): user01

輸入email:

Email address: (在這里輸入你的自己的郵箱帳號)

輸入密碼,需要輸入兩次,并且輸入密碼時不會顯示出來:

Password:

Password (again):

當兩次密碼都相同的時候,就會提示超級帳號創建成功。

Superuser created successfully.

E、使用:

用前一步創建的用戶,登陸后臺管理系統http://0.0.0.0:8081/admin/

看完上述內容是否對您有幫助呢?如果還想對相關知識有進一步的了解或閱讀更多相關文章,請關注億速云行業資訊頻道,感謝您對億速云的支持。

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