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這期內容當中小編將會給大家帶來有關使用Python調用JMeter壓測并生成報告,文章內容豐富且以專業的角度為大家分析和敘述,閱讀完這篇文章希望大家可以有所收獲。
使用Python調用JMeter壓測并生成報告
Python中可以使用os.system()或supprocess.Popen()調用系統命令,前者實時顯示在屏幕上,后者可以獲取到屏幕輸出信息。
使用Python調用JMeter運行及生成報告的命令如下。
import subprocess jmx_file = 'testplan.jmx' # jmx文件路徑 result_file = 'result.jtl' # log_file = 'run.log' report_dir = 'report' run_cmd = f'jmeter -n -t {jmx_file} -l {result_file} -j {log_file}' # 無界面運行JMeter壓測命令 report_cmd = f'jmeter -g {result_file} -o {report_dir}' # 生成HTML報告命令 # 不需要獲取屏幕輸出是,可以使用os.system() # os.system(run_cmd) # os.system(report_cmd) # 需要獲取屏幕輸出是,可以使用subprocess.Popen() p1 = subprocess.Popen(run_cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print(p1.stdout.read().decode('utf-8')) p2 = subprocess.Popen(report_cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print(p2.stdout.read().decode('utf-8'))
組裝jmx
每一測試計劃為一個jmx文件,jmx實際上是xml格式的,包含一些JMeter自定義的格式規范。
常用的組件有:
Dubbo插件jmeter-plugins-dubbo下載鏈接
jmx中,如果一個組件有子組件,格式為
<ThreadGroup 組件基本屬性> ...線程組配置 </ThreadGroup> <hashTree> ...內部子組件 </hashTree> ··· 如果不包含子組件,則后面接一個<hashTree/> 單標簽直接結束,例如: ```xml <CSVDataSet> ... CSV數據組件配置 </CSVDataSet> <hashTree/>
詳細的格式可以自己使用JMeter創建一個測試計劃,使用文本文件打開jmx文件查看。
使用Python組裝jmx文件的方式有兩種,一種是固定模板的數據渲染,一種類似JMeter的逐個組件添加,第一種比較簡單。
通過分析jmx文件中的變量,我們使用jinja2模板語法,將其中的變量進行參數化,對需要判斷和循環的變量設置if和for循環。
Jinja2中文文檔
假設我們的測試計劃結構為:
測試計劃 DNS緩存管理器 Cookies管理器 CSV文件(多個) ... 聚合報告 線程組(多個) CSV文件(多個) HTTP請求(或Dubbo請求) HTTP請求頭管理器 CSV文件(多個) 響應斷言 察看結果樹
將jmx中的關鍵數據抽取并組合,我使用的完整數據格式如下:
data.yaml
test_plan_name: 測試計劃 comments: 測試計劃描述 hosts: - name: las.secoo.com address: 112.126.120.128 cookies: clear_each_iteration: 'true' csv_files: - {'name': '數據文件1', 'path': 'data.csv', 'varnames': 'a,b', 'delimiter': ','} - {'name': '數據文件2', 'path': 'data.csv', 'varnames': 'c,d', 'delimiter': ','} thread_groups: - thread_group_name: 線程組1 comments: 線程組1描述 enabled: 'true' num_threads: 50 loops: -1 ramp_time: 0 scheduler: 'true' duration: 30 delay: '' http_samples: - request_name: HTTP-GET enabled: 'true' csv_files: - {'name': '數據文件4', 'path': 'data.csv', 'varnames': 'a,b', 'delimiter': ','} request: protocol: https domain: httpbin.org port: '' encoding: '' path: /get method: GET connect_timeout: '' response_timeout: '' params: {'a': 1, 'b': 2} headers: {'token': 'aaaaaa', 'x-text': 'bbbbb'} follow_redirects: 'false' auto_redirects: 'false' use_keepalive: 'false' validate: - test_field: response_data # response_data響應文本 response_code響應代碼response_message響應信息response_headers # 請求頭request_headers sample_label URL樣本 response_data_as_document文檔(文本) 請求數據request_data test_type: 2 # 2 包括 1匹配 8 相等 16字符串 否+4 或者+32 strings: ['a', 'b'] - request_name: HTTP-POST enabled: 'true' request: protocol: https domain: httpbin.org port: '' encoding: '' path: /post method: POST data: {'c': 3, 'd': 4} follow_redirects: 'false' auto_redirects: 'false' use_keepalive: 'false' connect_timeout: '' response_timeout: '' - request_name: HTTP-JSON enabled: 'true' request: protocol: https domain: httpbin.org port: '' encoding: '' path: /post method: POST connect_timeout: '' response_timeout: '' raw_data: '{"e": 5, "f": 6}' follow_redirects: 'false' auto_redirects: 'false' use_keepalive: 'false' - thread_group_name: 線程組2 comments: 線程組2描述 enabled: 'false' num_threads: 50 loops: -1 ramp_time: 0 scheduler: 'true' duration: 30 delay: '' csv_files: - {'name': '數據文件3', 'path': 'data.csv', 'varnames': 'a,b','delimiter': '\t'} dubbo_samples: - request_name: 查詢運費接口-dubbo enabled: 'true' registry: type: zookeeper group: '' address: 'zk-mall1.secoolocal.com:5181?backup=zk-mall2.secoolocal.com:5181,zk-mall3.secoolocal.com:5181' dubbo: timeout: 100 retires: 0 group: '' connections: 100 load_balance: random cluster: failfast service: 'com.secoo.business.config.rpc.service.BusinessConfigStoreService' method: queryFreight headers: Content-Type: 'application/json' params: - type: java.util.List value: ${freight_wareHouseId_sendAreaId} - type: java.lang.String value: 110100 - type: java.util.List value: ${freight_wareHouseId_sendAreaId} validate: - test_field: response_data # response_data響應文本 response_code響應代碼response_message響應信息response_headers test_type: 16 # 2 包括 1匹配 8 相等 16字符串 否+4 或者+32 strings: ['"code": 0']
對應的模板文件tpl.xml代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <jmeterTestPlan version="1.2" properties="5.0" jmeter="5.3"> <hashTree> <TestPlan guiclass="TestPlanGui" testclass="TestPlan" testname="{{test_plan_name}}" enabled="true"> <stringProp name="TestPlan.comments">{{comments}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="TestPlan.functional_mode">false</boolProp> <boolProp name="TestPlan.tearDown_on_shutdown">true</boolProp> <boolProp name="TestPlan.serialize_threadgroups">false</boolProp> <elementProp name="TestPlan.user_defined_variables" elementType="Arguments" guiclass="ArgumentsPanel" testclass="Arguments" testname="用戶定義的變量" enabled="true"> <collectionProp name="Arguments.arguments"/> </elementProp> <stringProp name="TestPlan.user_define_classpath"></stringProp> </TestPlan> <hashTree>{% if hosts %} <DNSCacheManager guiclass="DNSCachePanel" testclass="DNSCacheManager" testname="DNS緩存管理器" enabled="true"> <collectionProp name="DNSCacheManager.servers"/> <collectionProp name="DNSCacheManager.hosts">{% for host in hosts %} <elementProp name="las.secoo.com" elementType="StaticHost"> <stringProp name="StaticHost.Name">{{host.name}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="StaticHost.Address">{{host.address}}</stringProp> </elementProp>{% endfor %} </collectionProp> <boolProp name="DNSCacheManager.clearEachIteration">false</boolProp> <boolProp name="DNSCacheManager.isCustomResolver">true</boolProp> </DNSCacheManager> <hashTree/>{% endif %} {% if cookies %} <CookieManager guiclass="CookiePanel" testclass="CookieManager" testname="HTTP Cookie管理器" enabled="true"> <collectionProp name="CookieManager.cookies"/> <boolProp name="CookieManager.clearEachIteration">{{cookies.clear_each_iteration}}</boolProp> </CookieManager> <hashTree/>{% endif %} {% if csv_files %}{% for csv_file in csv_files %} <CSVDataSet guiclass="TestBeanGUI" testclass="CSVDataSet" testname="{{csv_file.name}}" enabled="true"> <stringProp name="filename">dat/{{csv_file.path}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="fileEncoding">UTF-8</stringProp> <stringProp name="variableNames">{{csv_file.varnames}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="ignoreFirstLine">true</boolProp> <stringProp name="delimiter">{{csv_file.delimiter}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="quotedData">false</boolProp> <boolProp name="recycle">true</boolProp> <boolProp name="stopThread">false</boolProp> <stringProp name="shareMode">shareMode.group</stringProp> </CSVDataSet> <hashTree/>{% endfor %}{% endif %} <ResultCollector guiclass="StatVisualizer" testclass="ResultCollector" testname="聚合報告" enabled="true"> <boolProp name="ResultCollector.error_logging">false</boolProp> <objProp> <name>saveConfig</name> <value class="SampleSaveConfiguration"> <time>true</time> <latency>true</latency> <timestamp>true</timestamp> <success>true</success> <label>true</label> <code>true</code> <message>true</message> <threadName>true</threadName> <dataType>true</dataType> <encoding>false</encoding> <assertions>true</assertions> <subresults>true</subresults> <responseData>false</responseData> <samplerData>false</samplerData> <xml>false</xml> <fieldNames>true</fieldNames> <responseHeaders>false</responseHeaders> <requestHeaders>false</requestHeaders> <responseDataOnError>true</responseDataOnError> <saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage>true</saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage> <assertionsResultsToSave>0</assertionsResultsToSave> <bytes>true</bytes> <sentBytes>true</sentBytes> <threadCounts>true</threadCounts> <idleTime>true</idleTime> </value> </objProp> <stringProp name="filename"></stringProp> </ResultCollector> <hashTree/>{% for thread_group in thread_groups %} <ThreadGroup guiclass="ThreadGroupGui" testclass="ThreadGroup" testname="{{thread_group.thread_group_name}}" enabled="{{thread_group.enabled}}"> <stringProp name="TestPlan.comments">{{thread_group.comments}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.on_sample_error">continue</stringProp> <elementProp name="ThreadGroup.main_controller" elementType="LoopController" guiclass="LoopControlPanel" testclass="LoopController" testname="循環控制器" enabled="true"> <boolProp name="LoopController.continue_forever">false</boolProp> <intProp name="LoopController.loops">{{thread_group.loops}}</intProp> </elementProp> <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.num_threads">{{thread_group.num_threads}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.ramp_time">{{thread_group.ramp_time}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="ThreadGroup.scheduler">{{thread_group.scheduler}}</boolProp> <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.duration">{{thread_group.duration}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.delay">{{thread_group.delay}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="ThreadGroup.same_user_on_next_iteration">false</boolProp> </ThreadGroup> <hashTree>{% if thread_group.csv_files %}{% for csv_file in thread_group.csv_files %} <CSVDataSet guiclass="TestBeanGUI" testclass="CSVDataSet" testname="{{csv_file.name}}" enabled="true"> <stringProp name="filename">dat/{{csv_file.path}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="fileEncoding">UTF-8</stringProp> <stringProp name="variableNames">{{csv_file.varnames}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="ignoreFirstLine">true</boolProp> <stringProp name="delimiter">{{csv_file.delimiter}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="quotedData">false</boolProp> <boolProp name="recycle">true</boolProp> <boolProp name="stopThread">false</boolProp> <stringProp name="shareMode">shareMode.group</stringProp> </CSVDataSet> <hashTree/>{% endfor %}{% endif %} {% if thread_group.http_samples %}{% for http_sample in thread_group.http_samples %} <HTTPSamplerProxy guiclass="HttpTestSampleGui" testclass="HTTPSamplerProxy" testname="{{http_sample.request_name}}" enabled="{{http_sample.enabled}}"> <elementProp name="HTTPsampler.Arguments" elementType="Arguments" guiclass="HTTPArgumentsPanel" testclass="Arguments" testname="用戶定義的變量" enabled="true"> <collectionProp name="Arguments.arguments">{% if http_sample.request.params %}{% for name, value in http_sample.request.params.items() %} <elementProp name="{{name}}" elementType="HTTPArgument"> <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.always_encode">false</boolProp> <stringProp name="Argument.value">{{value}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.use_equals">true</boolProp> <stringProp name="Argument.name">{{name}}</stringProp> </elementProp>{% endfor %}{% endif %} {% if http_sample.request.data %}{% for name, value in http_sample.request.data.items() %} <elementProp name="{{name}}" elementType="HTTPArgument"> <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.always_encode">false</boolProp> <stringProp name="Argument.value">{{value}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.use_equals">true</boolProp> <stringProp name="Argument.name">{{name}}</stringProp> </elementProp>{% endfor %}{% endif %} {% if http_sample.request.raw_data %} <elementProp name="" elementType="HTTPArgument"> <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.always_encode">false</boolProp> <stringProp name="Argument.value">{{http_sample.request.raw_data}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> </elementProp>{% endif %} </collectionProp> </elementProp> <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.domain">{{http_sample.request.domain}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.port">{{http_sample.request.port}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.protocol">{{http_sample.request.protocol}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.contentEncoding">{{http_sample.request.encoding}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.path">{{http_sample.request.path}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.method">{{http_sample.request.method}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="HTTPSampler.follow_redirects">{{http_sample.request.follow_redirects}}</boolProp> <boolProp name="HTTPSampler.auto_redirects">{{http_sample.request.auto_redirects}}</boolProp> <boolProp name="HTTPSampler.use_keepalive">{{http_sample.request.use_keepalive}}</boolProp> <boolProp name="HTTPSampler.DO_MULTIPART_POST">false</boolProp> <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.embedded_url_re"></stringProp> <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.connect_timeout">{{http_sample.request.connect_timeout}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.response_timeout">{{http_sample.request.response_timeout}}</stringProp> </HTTPSamplerProxy> <hashTree>{% if http_sample.request.headers %} <HeaderManager guiclass="HeaderPanel" testclass="HeaderManager" testname="HTTP信息頭管理器" enabled="true"> <collectionProp name="HeaderManager.headers">{% for name, value in http_sample.request.headers.items() %} <elementProp name="" elementType="Header"> <stringProp name="Header.name">{{name}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="Header.value">{{value}}</stringProp> </elementProp>{% endfor %} </collectionProp> </HeaderManager> <hashTree/>{% endif %} {% if http_sample.csv_files %}{% for csv_file in http_sample.csv_files %} <CSVDataSet guiclass="TestBeanGUI" testclass="CSVDataSet" testname="CSV 數據文件設置" enabled="true"> <stringProp name="delimiter">{{csv_file.delimiter}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="fileEncoding">UTF_8</stringProp> <stringProp name="filename">dat/{{csv_file.path}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="ignoreFirstLine">true</boolProp> <boolProp name="quotedData">false</boolProp> <boolProp name="recycle">true</boolProp> <stringProp name="shareMode">shareMode.group</stringProp> <boolProp name="stopThread">false</boolProp> <stringProp name="variableNames">{{csv_file.varnames}}</stringProp> </CSVDataSet> <hashTree/>{% endfor %}{% endif %} {% if http_sample.validate %}{% for assertion in http_sample.validate %} <ResponseAssertion guiclass="AssertionGui" testclass="ResponseAssertion" testname="響應斷言" enabled="true"> <collectionProp name="Asserion.test_strings">{% if assertion.strings %}{% for string in assertion.strings %} <stringProp name="97">{{string}}</stringProp>{% endfor %}{% endif %} </collectionProp> <stringProp name="Assertion.custom_message"></stringProp> <stringProp name="Assertion.test_field">Assertion.{{assertion.test_field}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="Assertion.assume_success">false</boolProp> <intProp name="Assertion.test_type">{{assertion.test_type}}</intProp> </ResponseAssertion> <hashTree/>{% endfor %}{% endif %} <ResultCollector guiclass="ViewResultsFullVisualizer" testclass="ResultCollector" testname="察看結果樹" enabled="true"> <boolProp name="ResultCollector.error_logging">false</boolProp> <objProp> <name>saveConfig</name> <value class="SampleSaveConfiguration"> <time>true</time> <latency>true</latency> <timestamp>true</timestamp> <success>true</success> <label>true</label> <code>true</code> <message>true</message> <threadName>true</threadName> <dataType>true</dataType> <encoding>false</encoding> <assertions>true</assertions> <subresults>true</subresults> <responseData>false</responseData> <samplerData>false</samplerData> <xml>false</xml> <fieldNames>true</fieldNames> <responseHeaders>false</responseHeaders> <requestHeaders>false</requestHeaders> <responseDataOnError>false</responseDataOnError> <saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage>true</saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage> <assertionsResultsToSave>0</assertionsResultsToSave> <bytes>true</bytes> <sentBytes>true</sentBytes> <url>true</url> <threadCounts>true</threadCounts> <idleTime>true</idleTime> <connectTime>true</connectTime> </value> </objProp> <stringProp name="filename"></stringProp> </ResultCollector> <hashTree/> </hashTree>{% endfor %}{% endif %} {% if thread_group.dubbo_samples %} {% for dubbo_sample in thread_group.dubbo_samples %} <io.github.ningyu.jmeter.plugin.dubbo.sample.DubboSample guiclass="io.github.ningyu.jmeter.plugin.dubbo.gui.DubboSampleGui" testclass="io.github.ningyu.jmeter.plugin.dubbo.sample.DubboSample" testname="{{dubbo_sample.request_name}}" enabled="{{dubbo_sample.enabled}}"> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_REGISTRY_PROTOCOL">{{dubbo_sample.registry.type}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_REGISTRY_GROUP">{{dubbo_sample.registry.group}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_RPC_PROTOCOL">dubbo://</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_ADDRESS">{{dubbo_sample.registry.address}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_TIMEOUT">{{dubbo_sample.dubbo.timeout}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_VERSION"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_RETRIES">{{dubbo_sample.dubbo.retries}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_GROUP">{{dubbo_sample.dubbo.group}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_CONNECTIONS">{{dubbo_sample.dubbo.connections}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_LOADBALANCE">{{dubbo_sample.dubbo.load_balance}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_ASYNC">sync</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_CLUSTER">{{dubbo_sample.dubbo.cluster}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_INTERFACE">{{dubbo_sample.dubbo.service}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_METHOD">{{dubbo_sample.dubbo.method}}</stringProp> <intProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_METHOD_ARGS_SIZE">1</intProp>{% for param in dubbo_sample.dubbo.params %} <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_METHOD_ARGS_PARAM_TYPE1">{{param.type}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_METHOD_ARGS_PARAM_VALUE1">{{param.value}}</stringProp>{% endfor %} <intProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_ATTACHMENT_ARGS_SIZE">0</intProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_CONFIG_CENTER_PROTOCOL"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_CONFIG_CENTER_GROUP"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_CONFIG_CENTER_NAMESPACE"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_CONFIG_CENTER_USER_NAME"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_CONFIG_CENTER_PASSWORD"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_CONFIG_CENTER_ADDRESS"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_CONFIG_CENTER_TIMEOUT"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_REGISTRY_USER_NAME"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_REGISTRY_PASSWORD"></stringProp> <stringProp name="FIELD_DUBBO_REGISTRY_TIMEOUT"></stringProp> </io.github.ningyu.jmeter.plugin.dubbo.sample.DubboSample> <hashTree>{% if dubbo_sample.dubbo.headers %} <HeaderManager guiclass="HeaderPanel" testclass="HeaderManager" testname="HTTP信息頭管理器" enabled="true"> <collectionProp name="HeaderManager.headers">{% for name, value in dubbo_sample.dubbo.headers.items() %} <elementProp name="" elementType="Header"> <stringProp name="Header.name">{{name}}</stringProp> <stringProp name="Header.value">{{value}}</stringProp> </elementProp>{% endfor %} </collectionProp> </HeaderManager> <hashTree/>{% endif %} {% if dubbo_sample.validate %} {% for assertion in dubbo_sample.validate %} <ResponseAssertion guiclass="AssertionGui" testclass="ResponseAssertion" testname="響應斷言" enabled="true"> <collectionProp name="Asserion.test_strings">{% if assertion.strings %}{% for string in assertion.strings %} <stringProp name="97">{{string}}</stringProp>{% endfor %}{% endif %} </collectionProp> <stringProp name="Assertion.custom_message"></stringProp> <stringProp name="Assertion.test_field">Assertion.{{assertion.test_field}}</stringProp> <boolProp name="Assertion.assume_success">false</boolProp> <intProp name="Assertion.test_type">{{assertion.test_type}}</intProp> </ResponseAssertion>{% endfor %} {% endif %} <hashTree/>{% endfor %}{% endif %} {% endfor %} </hashTree> </hashTree> </hashTree> </jmeterTestPlan>
組裝出類似data.yaml格式的數據,并使用jinja2渲染模板即可得到完整的jmx文件
pip install pyyaml jinja2
import yaml import jinja2 # 組裝或讀取數據 with open('data.yaml', encoding='utf-8') as f: data = yaml.safe_load(f) # 讀取模板 with open('tpl.xml', encoding='utf-8') as f: tpl = f.read() # 渲染模板生成jmx jmx = jinja2.Template(tpl).render(data) with open(jmx_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(jmx)
上述就是小編為大家分享的使用Python調用JMeter壓測并生成報告了,如果剛好有類似的疑惑,不妨參照上述分析進行理解。如果想知道更多相關知識,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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