靜態注冊和動態注冊

 創建偵聽器

偵聽器在listener.ora文件中定義，這個文件的默認存儲位置為ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目錄。listener.ora文件至少必須聲明一個偵聽器的名稱及其使用的協議與偵聽地址。可以在一個文件中配置多個偵聽器，不過這些偵聽器必須具有不同的名稱與地址。
與其他用于配置Oracle Net 的文件一樣，listener.ora文件非常在意看似很小的語法問題。

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

[oracle@localhost admin]$ vi ./listener.ora 
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

WYH =
    (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS_LIST =
            (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1522))
        )
    )

[oracle@localhost admin]$ 


數據庫注冊

向數據庫注冊實例的方法有靜態注冊和動態注冊兩種。對于靜態注冊來說，我們可以將一列實例硬編碼在listener.ora文件中。動態注冊意味著實例在啟動時需要定位偵聽器并注冊到偵聽器中。

1、靜態注冊

在listener.ora文件中添加條目

SID_LIST_WYH =
    (SID_LIST =
        (SID_DESC =
            (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
            (SID_NAME = orcl)
        )
    )

測試靜態注冊

[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 14-APR-2016 11:17:49

Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> start WYH
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/wyh/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1522)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     WYH
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                14-APR-2016 11:17:58
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/wyh/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> 

2、動態測試

初始化參數local_listener會告知實例其應當進行聯系的，從而能夠查找到注冊實例的偵聽器的網絡地址。在啟動實例時，PMON進程會使用該參數來定位一個偵聽器，并向其通知實例名稱以及實例提供的服務名稱。
[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Apr 14 12:12:37 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1436389376 bytes
Fixed Size            2228384 bytes
Variable Size          855641952 bytes
Database Buffers      570425344 bytes
Redo Buffers            8093696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> alter system register ;

System altered.

SQL> ho lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 14-APR-2016 12:14:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                14-APR-2016 12:14:38
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> start
TNS-01106: Listener using listener name LISTENER has already been started
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                14-APR-2016 12:14:38
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 43 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> 
[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Apr 14 12:12:37 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1436389376 bytes
Fixed Size            2228384 bytes
Variable Size          855641952 bytes
Database Buffers      570425344 bytes
Redo Buffers            8093696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> alter system register ;

System altered.

SQL> ho lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 14-APR-2016 12:14:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                14-APR-2016 12:14:38
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> start
TNS-01106: Listener using listener name LISTENER has already been started
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                14-APR-2016 12:14:38
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 43 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> 
LSNRCTL> 
LSNRCTL> exit

SQL> alter system set local_listener='(address=(pro=tcp)(host=localhost.localdomain)(port=1522))';

System altered.

SQL> ho lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 14-APR-2016 12:20:35

Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> stop
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> start WYH
TNS-01106: Listener using listener name WYH has already been started
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     WYH
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                14-APR-2016 11:23:13
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 58 min. 5 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/wyh/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> 
LSNRCTL> exit

SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name '((ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1522)))'
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1436389376 bytes
Fixed Size            2228384 bytes
Variable Size          855641952 bytes
Database Buffers      570425344 bytes
Redo Buffers            8093696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create spfile from pfile ;

File created.

SQL> 
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1436389376 bytes
Fixed Size            2228384 bytes
Variable Size          855641952 bytes
Database Buffers      570425344 bytes
Redo Buffers            8093696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create pfile from spfile ;

File created.

SQL>