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主節點:
啟動二進制日志
為當前節點設置一個全局唯一的ID號(server-id)
從節點:
啟動中繼日志
為當前節點設置一個全局唯一的ID號
編輯配置文件/etc/my.cnf,添加以下內容
[mysqld]
log_bin=1
server_id=1
innodb_file_per_table=on
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.182.132' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
編輯配置文件/etc/my.cnf,添加以下內容
[mysqld]
relay_log=relay_log
relay_log_index=relay_log.index
server_id=7
skip_name_resolve=1
使用有復制權限的用戶賬號連接至主服務器
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.182.130',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000075',MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
啟動復制線程
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.182.130
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000075
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: 1.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000075
Slave_IO_Running: Yes ##io線程啟動了
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ## sql線程啟動了
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_Space: 809
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
限制從服務器為只讀
限制從服務器為只讀,在從服務器上設置read_only=on,想要永久有效,就寫在配置文件中,但是此限制對擁有SUPER權限的用戶均無效
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'read_only';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| read_only | OFF |
+---------------+-------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL read_only=1;
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH TABLE WITH READ LOCK;
如何保證主從復制的事務安全?
在master節點啟用參數
sync_binlog=
如果用到的是InnoDB存儲引擎
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
innodb_support_xa
skip_slave_start=on
slave節點上的兩個文件
master.info文件中保存了slave連接至master時的相關信息,例如主服務器的ip地址,復制使用的用戶,密碼,端口,以及當前同步的二進制日志文件和位置
[root@backserver data]# cat relay-log.info
./1.000002
693
mysql-bin.000075
409
復制的監控和維護:
清理日志:使用PURGE命令,清理之前確保數據已經備份過了
復制監控
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 483 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 264 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 264 |
| mysql-bin.000004 | 264 |
| mysql-bin.000005 | 990 |
| mysql-bin.000006 | 514 |
| mysql-bin.000007 | 264 |
| mysql-bin.000008 | 245 |
| mysql-bin.000009 | 245 |
+------------------+-----------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS;
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 245 | Server ver: 5.5.45-MariaDB-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 245 | Query | 1 | 315 | BEGIN |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 315 | Intvar | 1 | 343 | INSERT_ID=9 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 343 | Query | 1 | 456 | use `S_SC_C`; INSERT INTO S (sname,sdept) VALUES ('xiao','MA') |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 456 | Xid | 1 | 483 | COMMIT /* xid=43 */ |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000009 | 245 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+----------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | Progress |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+----------+
| 5 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | NULL | SHOW PROCESSLIST | 0.000 |
| 6 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 3850 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL | 0.000 |
| 7 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 3806 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL | 0.000 |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+----------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
從服務器是否落后與主服務器,在從服務器的salve有Seconds_Behind_Master可以查看
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS
-> \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.182.130
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000079
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 334
Relay_Log_File: 1.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 618
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000079
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: MYDB
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 334
Relay_Log_Space: 1182
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 #從服務器落后與主服務器多長時間
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
確定主從節點數據是否一致,使用一些工具,例如percona-tools
在主節點上有一個參數,設置為1表示每一次dump事件到從節點的時候,本地的master.info信息要立即同步到磁盤上,讓從節點的master.info及時得到更新,
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL sync_master_info=1;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'sync_master_info';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| sync_master_info | 1 |
+------------------+-------+
遇到的問題:
數據不一致,這時,我們可能就需要將數據可靠性比較高的服務器留下來,根據保留的mysql服務器重新再做一個從服務器
對于自動增長的字段,如果一個主節點是1,2,3,...,另一個主節點也是1,2,3,...,那么合并的時候就會出現問題,所以,我們可以讓一個節點的自動增長的字段使用偶數id,另一個主節點使用奇數id,這樣合并的時候就不會出現問題
奇數id的設置
auto_increment_offset=1 #表示從1開始
auto_increment_increment=2 #表示一次增長2個
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2
各節點使用一個唯一的server_id
都啟動binary log和relay log
創建擁有復制權限的用戶賬號
其中一個節點為:
編輯配置文件
log_bin=1
server_id=1
innodb_file_per_table=on
relay_log=relay-log
relay_log_index=relay-log.index
auto_increment_offset=1
auto_increment_increment=2
創建用戶賬號
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.182.132' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.182.132',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006',MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
在另一個主節點上的操作:
編輯配置文件
[mysqld]
bin_log=1
relay_log=1
relay_log_index=relay-log.index
server_id=7
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2
創建具有復制權限的用戶賬號
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.182.130' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.182.130',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000075',MASTER_LOG_POS=665;
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
需要用到一個插件,如果是rpm包安裝的插件路徑在/usrl/lib64/mysql/plugin,我使用二進制格式安裝的插件路徑是/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
主節點上的操作
編輯配置文件
[mysqld]
log_bin=1
server_id=1
innodb_file_per_table=on
plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
添加具有復制權限的用戶賬號
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.182.132' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
安裝插件
MariaDB [(none)]> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';
查看有哪些插件
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PLUGINS;
查看半同步相關的變量
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%semi%';
+------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | OFF |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 10000 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON |
+------------------------------------+-------+
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled:為OFF表示禁用為半同步復制的主節點
rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout:表示等待從服務器應答的超時時長,默認是10s,如果超過這個時間從服務器沒有給主服務器應答,那么就降級為異步方式運行,不再等待
rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level:表示跟蹤級別
rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave:表示在沒有從節點的時候是否要等待,on為等待
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;
從節點上的操作:
編輯配置文件
[mysqld]
relay_log=1
relay_log_index=relay-log.index
server_id=7
skip_name_resolve=1
plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/
使用具有復制權限的用戶賬號連接至主節點
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.182.130',MASTER_USER='rpluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000078',MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
安裝插件
MariaDB [(none)]> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';
查看半同步相關的變量
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%semi%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | OFF |
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
+---------------------------------+-------+
啟用半同步
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE '%semi%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 0 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
# Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients為0表示沒有,為1表示有
讓從節點僅復制指定的數據庫,或指定數據庫的指定表
有兩種實現方式:
主服務器僅向二進制日志中記錄與特定數據庫(特定表)相關的事件,但是可能會導致時間點還原無法實現(畢竟二進制日志記錄的事件是不完全的),不建議使用
binlog_do_db #指定只記錄哪些數據庫的相關修改操作到二進制日志文件中,可以指定一個列表,使用逗號隔開
binlog_ignore_db #指定只忽略哪些不記錄,其他都記錄,可以指定一個列表,使用逗號隔開
從服務器SQL_THREAD在replay中繼日志中的事件時,僅讀取與特定數據庫(特定表)相關的事件并應用與本地;但是會造成網絡及磁盤io浪費
replicate_do_db= #該處指定的數據庫的相關事件都要進行復制
replicate_ignore_db=
replicate_do_table=
replicate_ignore_table=
replicate_wild_do_table= #在指定表的時候可以使用通配符
replcate_wild_ignore_table=
#在從服務器上進行的操作
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL replicate_do_db='MYDB';
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%replicate%';
+----------------------------------+-----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------+-----------+
| replicate_annotate_row_events | OFF |
| replicate_do_db | MYDB |
| replicate_do_table | |
| replicate_events_marked_for_skip | replicate |
| replicate_ignore_db | |
| replicate_ignore_table | |
| replicate_wild_do_table | |
| replicate_wild_ignore_table | |
+----------------------------------+-----------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
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