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本文主要給大家介紹binlog日志對于mysql數據庫重要性講析,希望可以給大家補充和更新些知識,如有其它問題需要了解的可以持續在億速云行業資訊里面關注我的更新文章的。
眾所周知,binlog日志對于mysql數據庫來說是十分重要的。在數據丟失的緊急情況下,我們往往會想到用binlog日志功能進行數據恢復(定時全備份+binlog日志恢復增量數據部分),化險為夷!
廢話不多說,下面是梳理的binlog日志操作解說:
DDL
----Data Definition Language 數據庫定義語言
主要的命令有CREATE、ALTER、DROP等,DDL主要是用在定義或改變表(TABLE)的結構,數據類型,表之間的鏈接和約束等初始化工作上,他們大多在建立表時使用。
mysqlbinlog常見的選項有以下幾個:
--start-datetime:從二進制日志中讀取指定等于時間戳或者晚于本地計算機的時間
--stop-datetime:從二進制日志中讀取指定小于時間戳或者等于本地計算機的時間 取值和上述一樣
--start-position:從二進制日志中讀取指定position 事件位置作為開始。
--stop-position:從二進制日志中讀取指定position 事件位置作為事件截至
一般來說開啟binlog日志大概會有1%的性能損耗。
binlog日志有兩個最重要的使用場景:
1)MySQL主從復制:MySQL Replication在Master端開啟binlog,Master把它的二進制日志傳遞給slaves來達到
master-slave數據一致的目的。
2)自然就是數據恢復了,通過使用mysqlbinlog工具來使恢復數據。
binlog日志包括兩類文件:
1)二進制日志索引文件(文件名后綴為.index)用于記錄所有的二進制文件
2)二進制日志文件(文件名后綴為.00000*)記錄數據庫所有的DDL和DML(除了數據查詢語句select)語句事件。
二、開啟binlog日志:
1)編輯打開mysql配置文件/etc/mys.cnf
[root@vm-002 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld] 區塊添加
log-bin=mysql-bin 確認是打開狀態(mysql-bin 是日志的基本名或前綴名);
2)重啟mysqld服務使配置生效
[root@vm-002 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
[root@vm-002 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
3)查看binlog日志是否開啟
mysql> show variables like 'log_%';
+---------------------------------+---------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+---------------------+
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_trust_routine_creators | OFF |
| log_error | /var/log/mysqld.log |
| log_output | FILE |
| log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF |
| log_slave_updates | OFF |
| log_slow_queries | OFF |
| log_warnings | 1 |
+---------------------------------+---------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三、常用的binlog日志操作命令
1)查看所有binlog日志列表
mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 149 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 4102 |
+------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2)查看master狀態,即最后(最新)一個binlog日志的編號名稱,及其最后一個操作事件pos結束點(Position)值
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 4102 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3)flush刷新log日志,自此刻開始產生一個新編號的binlog日志文件
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 149 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 4145 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 106 |
+------------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意:
每當mysqld服務重啟時,會自動執行此命令,刷新binlog日志;在mysqldump備份數據時加 -F 選項也會刷新binlog日志;
4)重置(清空)所有binlog日志
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 106 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
四、查看binlog日志內容,常用有兩種方式:
1)使用mysqlbinlog自帶查看命令法:
注意:
-->binlog是二進制文件,普通文件查看器cat、more、vim等都無法打開,必須使用自帶的mysqlbinlog命令查看
-->binlog日志與數據庫文件在同目錄中
-->在MySQL5.5以下版本使用mysqlbinlog命令時如果報錯,就加上 “--no-defaults”選項
查看mysql的數據存放目錄,從下面結果可知是/var/lib//mysql
[root@vm-002 ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 9791 1 0 21:18 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql 9896 9791 0 21:18 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 9916 9699 0 21:18 pts/0 00:00:00 mysql -px xxxx
root 9919 9715 0 21:23 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color mysql
[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@vm-002 mysql]# ls
ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index mysql.sock ops test
使用mysqlbinlog命令查看binlog日志內容,下面截取其中的一個片段分析:
[root@vm-002 mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000002
..............
#at 624
#160925 21:29:53 server id 1 end_log_pos 796 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1474810193/!/;
insert into member(name
,sex
,age
,classid
) values('wangshibo','m',27,'cls1'),('guohuihui','w',27,'cls2') #執行的sql語句
/!/;
#at 796
#160925 21:29:53 server id 1 end_log_pos 823 Xid = 17 #執行的時間
.............
解釋:
server id 1 : 數據庫主機的服務號;
end_log_pos 796: sql結束時的pos節點
thread_id=11: 線程號
2)上面這種辦法讀取出binlog日志的全文內容比較多,不容易分辨查看到pos點信息
下面介紹一種更為方便的查詢命令:
命令格式:
mysql> show binlog events [IN 'log_name'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count];
參數解釋:
IN 'log_name' :指定要查詢的binlog文件名(不指定就是第一個binlog文件)
FROM pos :指定從哪個pos起始點開始查起(不指定就是從整個文件首個pos點開始算)
LIMIT [offset,] :偏移量(不指定就是0)
row_count :查詢總條數(不指定就是所有行)
mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 125 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 823 |
+------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002'\G;
1. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 4
Event_type: Format_desc
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 106
Info: Server ver: 5.1.73-log, Binlog ver: 4
2. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 106
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 188
Info: use ops
; drop table customers
3. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 188
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 529
Info: use ops
; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS member
(id
int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,name
varchar(16) NOT NULL,sex
enum('m','w') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'm',age
tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,classid
char(6) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id
)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
4. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 529
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 596
Info: BEGIN
5. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 596
Event_type: Intvar
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 624
Info: INSERT_ID=1
6. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 624
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 796
Info: use ops
; insert into member(name
,sex
,age
,classid
) values('wangshibo','m',27,'cls1'),('guohuihui','w',27,'cls2')
7. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 796
Event_type: Xid
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 823
Info: COMMIT / xid=17 /
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>
上面這條語句可以將指定的binlog日志文件,分成有效事件行的方式返回,并可使用limit指定pos點的起始偏移,查詢條數!
如下操作示例:
a)查詢第一個(最早)的binlog日志:
mysql> show binlog events\G;
b)指定查詢 mysql-bin.000002這個文件:
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002'\G;
c)指定查詢 mysql-bin.000002這個文件,從pos點:624開始查起:
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002' from 624\G;
d)指定查詢 mysql-bin.000002這個文件,從pos點:624開始查起,查詢10條(即10條語句)
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002' from 624 limit 10\G;
e)指定查詢 mysql-bin.000002這個文件,從pos點:624開始查起,偏移2行(即中間跳過2個),查詢10條
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002' from 624 limit 2,10\G;
五、利用binlog日志恢復mysql數據
以下對ops庫的member表進行操作
mysql> use ops;
mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS member
(
-> id
int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name
varchar(16) NOT NULL,
-> sex
enum('m','w') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'm',
-> age
tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
-> classid
char(6) DEFAULT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (id
)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| member |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc member;
+---------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(16) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('m','w') | NO | | m | |
| age | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
| classid | char(6) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
事先插入兩條數據
mysql> insert into member(name
,sex
,age
,classid
) values('wangshibo','m',27,'cls1'),('guohuihui','w',27,'cls2');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
下面開始進行場景模擬:
1)
ops庫會在每天凌晨4點進行一次完全備份的定時計劃任務,如下:
[root@vm-002 ~]# crontab -l
0 4 * /usr/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p -B -F -R -x --master-data=2 ops|gzip >/opt/backup/ops_$(date +%F).sql.gz
待到數據庫備份完成,就不用擔心數據丟失了,因為有完全備份數據在!!
由于上面在全備份的時候使用了-F選項,那么當數據備份操作剛開始的時候系統就會自動刷新log,這樣就會自動產生
一個新的binlog日志,這個新的binlog日志就會用來記錄備份之后的數據庫“增刪改”操作
查看一下:
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 106 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
也就是說, mysql-bin.000003 是用來記錄4:00之后對數據庫的所有“增刪改”操作。
2)
早上9點上班了,由于業務的需求會對數據庫進行各種“增刪改”操作。
比如:在ops庫下member表內插入、修改了數據等等:
先是早上進行插入數據:
mysql> insert into ops.member(name
,sex
,age
,classid
) values('yiyi','w',20,'cls1'),('xiaoer','m',22,'cls3'),('zhangsan','w',21,'cls5'),('lisi','m',20,'cls4'),('wangwu','w',26,'cls6');
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | xiaoer | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3)
中午又執行了修改數據操作:
mysql> update ops.member set name='李四' where id=4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> update ops.member set name='小二' where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | 小二 | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4)
在下午18:00的時候,悲劇莫名其妙的出現了!
手賤執行了drop語句,直接刪除了ops庫!嚇尿!
mysql> drop database ops;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
5)
這種時候,一定不要慌張!!!
先仔細查看最后一個binlog日志,并記錄下關鍵的pos點,到底是哪個pos點的操作導致了數據庫的破壞(通常在最后幾步);
先備份一下最后一個binlog日志文件:
[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@vm-002 mysql]# cp -v mysql-bin.000003 /opt/backup/mysql-bin.000003' ->
/opt/backup/mysql-bin.000003'
[root@vm-002 mysql]# ls /opt/backup/
mysql-bin.000003 ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz
接著執行一次刷新日志索引操作,重新開始新的binlog日志記錄文件。按理說mysql-bin.000003
這個文件不會再有后續寫入了,因為便于我們分析原因及查找ops節點,以后所有數據庫操作都會寫入到下一個日志文件。
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 106 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6)
讀取binlog日志,分析問題。
讀取binlog日志的方法上面已經說到。
方法一:使用mysqlbinlog讀取binlog日志:
[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@vm-002 mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003
方法二:登錄云服務器,并查看(推薦此種方法)
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000003';
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 106 | Server ver: 5.1.73-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 106 | Query | 1 | 173 | BEGIN |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 173 | Intvar | 1 | 201 | INSERT_ID=3 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 201 | Query | 1 | 444 | use ops
; insert into ops.member(name
,sex
,age
,gsan','w',21,'cls5'),('lisi','m',20,'cls4'),('wangwu','w',26,'cls6') |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 444 | Xid | 1 | 471 | COMMIT /* xid=66 */ |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 471 | Query | 1 | 538 | BEGIN |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 538 | Query | 1 | 646 | use
ops; update ops.member set name='李四' where id= |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 646 | Xid | 1 | 673 | COMMIT /* xid=68 */ |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 673 | Query | 1 | 740 | BEGIN |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 740 | Query | 1 | 848 | use
ops`; update ops.member set name='小二' where id= |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 848 | Xid | 1 | 875 | COMMIT / xid=69 / |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 875 | Query | 1 | 954 | drop database ops |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 954 | Rotate | 1 | 997 | mysql-bin.000004;pos=4 |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)
或者:
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000003'\G;
.........
.........
12. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000003
Pos: 875
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 954
Info: drop database ops
13. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000003
Pos: 954
Event_type: Rotate
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 997
Info: mysql-bin.000004;pos=4
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)
通過分析,造成數據庫破壞的pos點區間是介于 875--954 之間(這是按照日志區間的pos節點算的),只要恢復到875前就可。
.............
.............
這樣就恢復了截至當日凌晨(4:00)前的備份數據都恢復了。
mysql> show databases; #發現ops庫已經恢復回來了
mysql> use ops;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| member |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
但是這僅僅只是恢復了當天凌晨4點之前的數據,在4:00--18:00之間的數據還沒有恢復回來!!
怎么辦呢?
莫慌!這可以根據前面提到的mysql-bin.000003的新binlog日志進行恢復。
8)
從binlog日志恢復數據
恢復命令的語法格式:
mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.0000xx | mysql -u用戶名 -p密碼 數據庫名
常用參數選項解釋:
--start-position=875 起始pos點
--stop-position=954 結束pos點
--start-datetime="2016-9-25 22:01:08" 起始時間點
--stop-datetime="2019-9-25 22:09:46" 結束時間點
--database=zyyshop 指定只恢復zyyshop數據庫(一臺主機上往往有多個數據庫,只限本地log日志)
小結:實際是將讀出的binlog日志內容,通過管道符傳遞給mysql命令。這些命令、文件盡量寫成絕對路徑;
a)完全恢復(需要手動vim編輯mysql-bin.000003,將那條drop語句剔除掉)
[root@vm-002 backup]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
b)指定pos結束點恢復(部分恢復):
--stop-position=471 pos結束節點(按照事務區間算,是471)
注意:
此pos結束節點介于“member表原始數據”與更新“name='李四'”之前的數據,這樣就可以恢復到更改“name='李四'”之前的數據了。
操作如下:
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --stop-position=471 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | xiaoer | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
恢復截止到更改“name='李四'”之間的數據(按照事務區間算,是673)
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --stop-position=673 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
c)指定pso點區間恢復(部分恢復):
更新 name='李四' 這條數據,日志區間是Pos[538] --> End_log_pos[646],按事務區間是:Pos[471] --> End_log_pos[673]
更新 name='小二' 這條數據,日志區間是Pos[740] --> End_log_pos[848],按事務區間是:Pos[673] --> End_log_pos[875]
c1)
單獨恢復 name='李四' 這步操作,可這樣:
按照binlog日志區間單獨恢復:
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=538 --stop-position=646 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
按照事務區間單獨恢復
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=471 --stop-position=673 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
c2)
單獨恢復 name='小二' 這步操作,可這樣:
按照binlog日志區間單獨恢復:
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=740 --stop-position=848 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
按照事務區間單獨恢復
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=673 --stop-position=875 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
c3)
將 name='李四'、name='小二' 多步操作一起恢復,需要按事務區間,可這樣:
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=471 --stop-position=875 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
查看數據庫:
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | 小二 | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
這樣,就恢復了刪除前的數據狀態了!!
另外:
也可指定時間節點區間恢復(部分恢復):
除了用pos節點的辦法進行恢復,也可以通過指定時間節點區間進行恢復,按時間恢復需要用mysqlbinlog命令讀取binlog日志內容,找時間節點。
如上,誤刪除ops庫后:
先進行全備份恢復
[root@vm-002 backup]# mysql -uroot -p -v < ops_2016-09-25.sql
查看ops數據庫
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
查看mysq-bin00003日志,找出時間節點
[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@vm-002 mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003
.............
.............
BEGIN
/!/;
#at 173
#160925 21:57:19 server id 1 end_log_pos 201 Intvar
SET INSERT_ID=3/!/;
#at 201
#160925 21:57:19 server id 1 end_log_pos 444 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use ops
/!/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811839/!/;
insert into ops.member(name
,sex
,age
,classid
) values('yiyi','w',20,'cls1'),('xiaoer','m',22,'cls3'),('zhangsan','w',21,'cls5'),('lisi','m',20,'cls4'),('wangwu','w',26,'cls6') #執行的sql語句
/!/;
#at 444
#160925 21:57:19 server id 1 end_log_pos 471 Xid = 66 #開始執行的時間
COMMIT/!/;
#at 471
#160925 21:58:41 server id 1 end_log_pos 538 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 #結束時間
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811921/!/;
BEGIN
/!/;
#at 538
#160925 21:58:41 server id 1 end_log_pos 646 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811921/!/;
update ops.member set name='李四' where id=4 #執行的sql語句
/!/;
#at 646
#160925 21:58:41 server id 1 end_log_pos 673 Xid = 68 #開始執行的時間
COMMIT/!/;
#at 673
#160925 21:58:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 740 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 #結束時間
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811936/!/;
BEGIN
/!/;
#at 740
#160925 21:58:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 848 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811936/!/;
update ops.member set name='小二' where id=2 #執行的sql語句
/!/;
#at 848
#160925 21:58:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 875 Xid = 69 #開始執行的時間
COMMIT/!/;
#at 875
#160925 22:01:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 954 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 #結束時間
SET TIMESTAMP=1474812068/!/;
drop database ops
/!/;
#at 954
#160925 22:09:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 997 Rotate to mysql-bin.000004 pos: 4
DELIMITER ;
#End of log file
ROLLBACK / added by mysqlbinlog /;
/!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE/;
恢復到更改“name='李四'”之前的數據
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2016-09-25 21:57:19" --stop-datetime="2016-09-25 21:58:41" --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | xiaoer | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2016-09-25 21:58:41" --stop-datetime="2016-09-25 21:58:56" --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2016-09-25 21:58:56" --stop-datetime="2016-09-25 22:01:08" --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | 小二 | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
這樣,就恢復了刪除前的狀態了!
總結:
所謂恢復,就是讓mysql將保存在binlog日志中指定段落區間的sql語句逐個重新執行一次而已。
看了以上關于binlog日志對于mysql數據庫重要性講析,希望能給大家在實際運用中帶來一定的幫助。本文由于篇幅有限,難免會有不足和需要補充的地方,如有需要更加專業的解答,可在官網聯系我們的24小時售前售后,隨時幫您解答問題的。
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