disk_repair_time

發布時間：2020-08-15 23:16:49 來源：ITPUB博客閱讀：252 作者：不一樣的天空w 欄目：關系型數據庫

http://www.ohsdba.cn/index.php?g=Home&m=Article&a=show&id=110

Oracle 10g引入了ASM，在10g版本中，如果由于故障(光纜故障，控制器故障，HBA卡故障或者其他故障造成磁盤無法訪問)，這時Oracle會把這個磁盤drop掉。在11g中，Oracle引入了一個參數disk_repair_time，這個參數與"Oracle ASM Fast Mirror Resync"有關，有了這個特性，當故障發生時(除磁盤自身故障)，在disk_repair_time時間之內，待故障解決磁盤在線后，Oracle會同步由于故障而暫時沒有寫入本磁盤extent的數據，而不必同步磁盤上所有的數據，進而避免因此造成的性能問題。如果超過disk_repair_time時間，系統仍未修復，Oracle會drop這個磁盤。默認時間為3.6小時，一般能滿足大多數環境，可以根據實際情況設置這個參數。

使用這個特性，要滿足兩個條件:

1.磁盤組的COMPATIBLE屬性版本至少在11.1及以上(磁盤組COMPATIBLE參數影響到磁盤組的格式，元數據，AU等)
2.磁盤組的的冗余模式為Normal或High

注意：如果是磁盤自身故障(DG冗余模式為Norma/High)，這個磁盤必須drop，添加磁盤后，oracle會自動reblancing。如果冗余模式為external，磁盤出故障時，磁盤組會離線，要通過備份來恢復數據庫。Exadata冗余度至少為Normal，是通過在ASM級別中mirror，所以等cell節點任何一個節點down機，不影響數據庫的正常使用。

本文通過在11g ASM中創建一磁盤組db2，然后將磁盤組中一塊盤offline，超過disk_repair_time后，觀察磁盤的變化

ASMCMD> lsattr -G db2 -l

Name                     Value
access_control.enabled   FALSE
access_control.umask     066
au_size                  1048576
cell.smart_scan_capable  FALSE
compatible.asm           11.2.0.0.0
compatible.rdbms         10.1.0.0.0
disk_repair_time         3.6h
sector_size              512

ASMCMD> setattr -G db2 disk_repair_time 5h

ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15242: could not set attribute disk_repair_time
ORA-15283: ASM operation requires compatible.rdbms of 11.1.0.0.0 or higher (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)

注意：compatible參數至少為11.1

ASMCMD> setattr -G db2 compatible.rdbms 11.2
ASMCMD> lsattr -G db2 -l

Name                     Value
access_control.enabled   FALSE
access_control.umask     066
au_size                  1048576
cell.smart_scan_capable  FALSE
compatible.asm           11.2.0.0.0
compatible.rdbms         11.2
disk_repair_time         3.6h
sector_size              512

為了測試，設置disk_repair_time為5分鐘，m代表分鐘，h代表小時，如果不輸單位，默認是小時

ASMCMD> setattr -G db2 disk_repair_time 5m
ASM alert后臺日志

SQL> /* ASMCMD */ALTER DISKGROUP DB2 SET ATTRIBUTE 'disk_repair_time' = '5m'
SUCCESS: /* ASMCMD */ALTER DISKGROUP DB2 SET ATTRIBUTE 'disk_repair_time' = '5m'

ASMCMD> lsattr -G db2 -l

Name                     Value
access_control.enabled   FALSE
access_control.umask     066
au_size                  1048576
cell.smart_scan_capable  FALSE
compatible.asm           11.2.0.0.0
compatible.rdbms         11.2
disk_repair_time         5m
sector_size              512
ASMCMD>

查看磁盤組的信息和磁盤頭信息
ASMCMD> lsdsk -G db2

Path
/dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK11
/dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13

ASMCMD> lsdsk -G db2 --statistics

Reads  Write  Read_Errs  Write_Errs  Read_time  Write_Time  Bytes_Read  Bytes_Written  Voting_File  Path
  191   1068          0           0    .965827    39.09044     1794048        4374528            N  /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK11
  166   1068          0           0   1.040196   38.521265      684032        4374528            N  /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13

ASMCMD>
[oracle@ohs1 ~]$ kfed read /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK11

kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: disk=0
kfbh.check:                  1549816565 ; 0x00c: 0x5c6052f5
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr:ORCLDISKASMDISK11 ; 0x000: length=17
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:   1145918273 ; 0x008: 0x444d5341
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:    827020105 ; 0x00c: 0x314b5349
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:           49 ; 0x010: 0x00000031
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat:                186646528 ; 0x020: 0x0b200000
kfdhdb.dsknum:                        0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp:                        2 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_NORMAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname:                DB2_0000 ; 0x028: length=8
kfdhdb.grpname:                     DB2 ; 0x048: length=3
kfdhdb.fgname:                 DB2_0000 ; 0x068: length=8
kfdhdb.capname:                         ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi:             33036942 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x14 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7e0
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo:           3147311104 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x20a SECS=0x39 MINS=0x2e
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi:             33036942 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x14 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7e0
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo:           3163762688 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0xcc SECS=0x9 MINS=0x2f
kfdhdb.secsize:                     512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize:                    4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize:                  1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000
kfdhdb.mfact:                    113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize:                    2447 ; 0x0c4: 0x0000098f
kfdhdb.pmcnt:                         2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn:                       1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn:                       2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn:                      2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]:                0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]:                0 ; 0x0da: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]:                0 ; 0x0dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]:                0 ; 0x0de: 0x0000
kfdhdb.dbcompat:              168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi:             33036942 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x14 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7e0
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo:           3147119616 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x14f SECS=0x39 MINS=0x2e
kfdhdb.vfstart:                       0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.vfend:                         0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.spfile:                        0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.spfflg:                        0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000

[oracle@ohs1 ~]$ kfed read /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13

kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483649 ; 0x008: disk=1
kfbh.check:                  1549816567 ; 0x00c: 0x5c6052f7
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr:ORCLDISKASMDISK13 ; 0x000: length=17
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:   1145918273 ; 0x008: 0x444d5341
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:    827020105 ; 0x00c: 0x314b5349
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:           51 ; 0x010: 0x00000033
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat:                186646528 ; 0x020: 0x0b200000
kfdhdb.dsknum:                        1 ; 0x024: 0x0001
kfdhdb.grptyp:                        2 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_NORMAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname:                DB2_0001 ; 0x028: length=8
kfdhdb.grpname:                     DB2 ; 0x048: length=3
kfdhdb.fgname:                 DB2_0001 ; 0x068: length=8
kfdhdb.capname:                         ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi:             33036942 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x14 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7e0
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo:           3147311104 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x20a SECS=0x39 MINS=0x2e
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi:             33036942 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x14 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7e0
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo:           3163762688 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0xcc SECS=0x9 MINS=0x2f
kfdhdb.secsize:                     512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize:                    4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize:                  1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000
kfdhdb.mfact:                    113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize:                    2447 ; 0x0c4: 0x0000098f
kfdhdb.pmcnt:                         2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn:                       1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn:                       2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn:                      2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]:                0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]:                0 ; 0x0da: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]:                0 ; 0x0dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]:                0 ; 0x0de: 0x0000
kfdhdb.dbcompat:              168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi:             33036942 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x14 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7e0
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo:           3147119616 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x14f SECS=0x39 MINS=0x2e
kfdhdb.vfstart:                       0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.vfend:                         0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.spfile:                        0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.spfflg:                        0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000

ASMCMD> iostat -G db2

Group_Name  Dsk_Name  Reads    Writes
DB2         DB2_0000  1859584  5001216
DB2         DB2_0001  749568   5001216

ASMCMD> offline -G db2 -D DB2_0001
Diskgroup altered.
ASMCMD>

從ASM alet中可以看到磁盤將要在5分鐘后drop
WARNING: Disk 1 (DB2_0001) in group 1 will be dropped in: (300) secs on ASM inst 1
Mon Jun 20 15:55:23 2016

5分鐘后，磁盤被ASM強制刪除(alert日志)

SQL> alter diskgroup DB2 drop disk DB2_0001 force /* ASM SERVER */
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=1
Mon Jun 20 16:01:36 2016
GMON updating for reconfiguration, group 1 at 26 for pid 33, osid 8507
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) DB2_0001
NOTE: group DB2: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: group 1 PST updated.
Mon Jun 20 16:01:36 2016
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 1/0xe0485f13 (DB2)
GMON querying group 1 at 27 for pid 19, osid 5801
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DB2
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 1/0xe0485f13 (DB2)
NOTE: starting rebalance of group 1/0xe0485f13 (DB2) at power 1
SUCCESS: alter diskgroup DB2 drop disk DB2_0001 force /* ASM SERVER */
SUCCESS: PST-initiated drop disk in group 1(3762839315))
Starting background process ARB0
Mon Jun 20 16:01:39 2016
ARB0 started with pid=34, OS id=9355
NOTE: assigning ARB0 to group 1/0xe0485f13 (DB2) with 1 parallel I/O
NOTE: stopping process ARB0
SUCCESS: rebalance completed for group 1/0xe0485f13 (DB2)
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DB2
Mon Jun 20 16:01:43 2016
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=1
GMON updating for reconfiguration, group 1 at 28 for pid 34, osid 9361
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DB2
NOTE: group DB2: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: group 1 PST updated.
WARNING: offline disk number 1 has references (51 AUs)
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 1/0xe0485f13 (DB2)
Mon Jun 20 16:01:49 2016
GMON querying group 1 at 29 for pid 19, osid 5801
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DB2
Mon Jun 20 16:01:49 2016
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 1/0xe0485f13 (DB2)
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DB2

可以看到磁盤組db2 offline_disks顯示為1

ASMCMD> lsdg

State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512   4096  1048576      2447     2394                0            1197              1             N  DB2/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512   4096  1048576      4894     4786                0            4786              0             N  OHSDBA/
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512   4096  1048576      7341     6410             2447            1981              0             Y  SYSTEMDG/

ASMCMD>

offline后，再次讀取磁盤頭部信息(發現頭部信息沒改變)

[oracle@ohs1 ~]$ kfed read /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13

kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483649 ; 0x008: disk=1
kfbh.check:                  1549816567 ; 0x00c: 0x5c6052f7
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr:ORCLDISKASMDISK13 ; 0x000: length=17
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:   1145918273 ; 0x008: 0x444d5341
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:    827020105 ; 0x00c: 0x314b5349
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:           51 ; 0x010: 0x00000033
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat:                186646528 ; 0x020: 0x0b200000
kfdhdb.dsknum:                        1 ; 0x024: 0x0001
kfdhdb.grptyp:                        2 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_NORMAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname:                DB2_0001 ; 0x028: length=8
kfdhdb.grpname:                     DB2 ; 0x048: length=3
kfdhdb.fgname:                 DB2_0001 ; 0x068: length=8
kfdhdb.capname:                         ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi:             33036942 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x14 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7e0
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo:           3147311104 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x20a SECS=0x39 MINS=0x2e
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi:             33036942 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x14 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7e0
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo:           3163762688 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0xcc SECS=0x9 MINS=0x2f
kfdhdb.secsize:                     512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize:                    4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize:                  1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000
kfdhdb.mfact:                    113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize:                    2447 ; 0x0c4: 0x0000098f
kfdhdb.pmcnt:                         2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn:                       1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn:                       2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn:                      2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]:                0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]:                0 ; 0x0da: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]:                0 ; 0x0dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]:                0 ; 0x0de: 0x0000
kfdhdb.dbcompat:              168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi:             33036942 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x14 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7e0
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo:           3147119616 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x14f SECS=0x39 MINS=0x2e
kfdhdb.vfstart:                       0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.vfend:                         0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.spfile:                        0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.spfflg:                        0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000

SQL> select name, path from v$asm_disk;

NAME                                     PATH
---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
                                         /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK14
                                         /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13
_DROPPED_0001_DB2
DB2_0000                                 /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK11
OHSDBA_0001                              /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK10
OHSDBA_0000                              /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK9
DATA_PGOLD_0004                          /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK8
DATA_PGOLD_0003                          /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK7
DATA_PGOLD_0002                          /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK6
DATA_PGOLD_0001                          /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK5
DATA_PGOLD_0000                          /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK4

NAME                                     PATH
---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEMDG_0002                            /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK3
SYSTEMDG_0001                            /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK2
SYSTEMDG_0000                            /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK1

14 rows selected.
SQL>

被drop后，再次嘗試online disk

ASMCMD> online -G db2 -D DB2_0001

ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15054: disk "DB2_0001" does not exist in diskgroup "DB2" (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
ASMCMD>

嘗試undrop disk，雖然沒報什么錯誤，但是磁盤仍舊沒能撤回成功

[oracle@ohs1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Jun 20 16:50:17 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> alter diskgroup db2 undrop disks;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL>

SQL> alter diskgroup db2 undrop disks
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=2
Mon Jun 20 16:50:35 2016
GMON updating for reconfiguration, group 2 at 17 for pid 28, osid 16254
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 2: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DB2
NOTE: group DB2: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: group 2 PST updated.
Mon Jun 20 16:50:36 2016
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 2/0xfb327d85 (DB2)
GMON querying group 2 at 18 for pid 19, osid 13443
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 2: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DB2
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 2/0xfb327d85 (DB2)
NOTE: starting rebalance of group 2/0xfb327d85 (DB2) at power 1
SUCCESS: alter diskgroup db2 undrop disks
Starting background process ARB0
Mon Jun 20 16:50:38 2016
ARB0 started with pid=29, OS id=16331
NOTE: assigning ARB0 to group 2/0xfb327d85 (DB2) with 1 parallel I/O
NOTE: stopping process ARB0
SUCCESS: rebalance completed for group 2/0xfb327d85 (DB2)
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DB2
Mon Jun 20 16:50:41 2016
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=2
GMON updating for reconfiguration, group 2 at 19 for pid 29, osid 16336
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 2: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DB2
NOTE: group DB2: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: group 2 PST updated.
WARNING: offline disk number 1 has references (51 AUs)
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 2/0xfb327d85 (DB2)
Mon Jun 20 16:50:48 2016
GMON querying group 2 at 20 for pid 19, osid 13443
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 2: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DB2
Mon Jun 20 16:50:48 2016
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 2/0xfb327d85 (DB2)
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DB2

ASMCMD> lsdg

State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512   4096  1048576     12235    10514                0           10514              0             N  DATA_PGOLD/
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512   4096  1048576      2447     2394                0            1197              1             N  DB2/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512   4096  1048576      4894     4786                0            4786              0             N  OHSDBA/
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512   4096  1048576      7341     6410             2447            1981              0             Y  SYSTEMDG/

ASMCMD>

NAME                           PATH
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
                               /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK14
                               /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13
_DROPPED_0001_DB2
DB2_0000                       /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK11
OHSDBA_0001                    /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK10
OHSDBA_0000                    /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK9
DATA_PGOLD_0004                /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK8
DATA_PGOLD_0003                /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK7
DATA_PGOLD_0002                /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK6
DATA_PGOLD_0001                /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK5
DATA_PGOLD_0000                /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK4

NAME                           PATH
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEMDG_0002                  /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK3
SYSTEMDG_0001                  /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK2
SYSTEMDG_0000                  /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK1

14 rows selected.
SQL>

因為offline被drop后，磁盤頭部信息并未改變，所以再次添加原來的磁盤時出現錯誤

SQL> alter diskgroup db2 add disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13';

alter diskgroup db2 add disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15033: disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13' belongs to diskgroup "DB2"

SQL>

清除ASM磁盤頭部信息，重新添加磁盤

[oracle@ohs1 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13 bs=1024 count=1

1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.00966501 seconds, 106 kB/s

[oracle@ohs1 ~]$ kfed read /dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13

kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: file=0
kfbh.check:                           0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
B7F60200 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  [................]
  Repeat 255 times
KFED-00322: Invalid content encountered during block traversal: [kfbtTraverseBlock][Invalid OSM block type][][0]

[oracle@ohs1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Jun 20 17:13:37 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> alter diskgroup db2 add disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK13';
Diskgroup altered.
SQL>

注意：磁盤被drop后，磁盤頭部沒有變化，如果磁盤本身沒有問題，還想再利用這個盤，必須清除磁盤頭部才能重新添加。

Reference
Oracle ASM Fast Mirror Resync
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e18951/asmdiskgrps.htm#OSTMG10044
disk group attribute

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e18951/asmdiskgrps.htm#OSTMG10045

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e18951/asmdiskgrps.htm#OSTMG137

http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/OSTMG/GUID-7A52077C-DCE5-44E0-BFA9-D30F485B8079.htm#GUID-1E46D1B6-F0A6-444D-A222-995069BCEF2F

http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/HABPT/config_storage.htm#HABPT4813

======================================================================
http://www.oratea.com/2017/05/19/disk_repair_time%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D/

DISK_REPAIR_TIME介紹

1. 介紹
當ASM磁盤被drop后，ASM就會發起重平衡，保證被drop的磁盤里涉及的extent再次冗余，但是ASM的重平衡很費時間，并且涉及到大量其它磁盤的IO操作。但是有時侯磁盤可能會因為維護或其它原因暫時offline了，如果短時間的offline就發生重平衡，并且磁盤加回來時，又要發生重平衡，這有點不可接受。所以ASM提供了快速磁盤同步特性，在磁盤OFFLINE期間，ASM記錄OFFLINE磁盤涉及的extent，而當磁盤恢復時，ASM會快速同步這個磁盤上發生變化的extent。
如果磁盤OFFLINE很長時間，這其實是有風險的，因為在NORMAL冗余的情況下，OFFLINE磁盤涉及的extent就只有一份了，所以ASM提供了一個磁盤組屬性DISK_REPAIR_NAME，表明在這個磁盤組上的磁盤，OFFLINE多長時間后就被DROP，ASM開始重平衡，這個值默認是3.6小時。
如果是有計劃磁盤OFFLINE維護，3.6小時也許不夠，比如Exadata的Cell節點升級，所以可能需要先將該值調大。

--在磁盤組正常情況下，設置該值的命令如下：

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DATA SET ATTRIBUTE 'disk_repair_time'= '36h';

但是如果磁盤已經被offline，那如何設置offline的磁盤多長時間drop呢？命令有些不同。

2. 判斷多少時間后磁盤被drop
--在ASM的alert日志里查看，磁盤被drop掉之前的倒計時，如下：

WARNING: Disk 0 (DATA_CD_00_DMORLCEL08) in group 1 will be dropped in: (12960) secs on ASM inst 1
WARNING: Disk 1 (DATA_CD_01_DMORLCEL08) in group 1 will be dropped in: (12960) secs on ASM inst 1
WARNING: Disk 2 (DATA_CD_02_DMORLCEL08) in group 1 will be dropped in: (12960) secs on ASM inst 1

--檢查DISK_REPAIR_NAME
SQL> column name format a30
SQL> column value format a30
SQL> select name,value from v$asm_attribute where group_number=1 and name like '%disk_repair_time%';

NAME                           VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
disk_repair_time               3.6h

3. 延長DISK_REPAIR_TIME
--如果一個failgroup失敗，failgroup上的磁盤已經全部OFFLINE了，可以使用如下命令延長DISK_REPAIR_TIME

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP <DISKGROUP NAME> OFFLINE DISKS IN FAILGROUP <FAILGROUP NAME> DROP AFTER 5H;

--然后再檢查ASM的alert日志，是否生效，例如：

WARNING: Disk 2 (DATA_CD_02_DMORLCEL08) in group 1 will be dropped in: (18000) secs on ASM inst 1
WARNING: Disk 3 (DATA_CD_03_DMORLCEL08) in group 1 will be dropped in: (18000) secs on ASM inst 1
WARNING: Disk 4 (DATA_CD_04_DMORLCEL08) in group 1 will be dropped in: (18000) secs on ASM inst 1
WARNING: Disk 5 (DATA_CD_05_DMORLCEL08) in group 1 will be dropped in: (18000) secs on ASM inst 1

--如果只有1塊盤offline，命令如下：

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP <DISKGROUP NAME> OFFLINE DISK <DISK NAME> DROP AFTER 5H;

--檢查磁盤名稱
SQL> col path format a59
SQL> set lines 200
SQL> set pagesi 400
SQL> select path, name, header_status, mode_status, mount_status, state, failgroup from v$asm_disk order by path;

4. 立即drop磁盤
--如果磁盤的修復時間預計比較長，那可以立即drop掉磁盤，開始重平衡，而不是等完DISK_REPAIR_TIME時間后再開始。

如果failgroup失敗，命令如下：

ALTER DISKGROUP <DISKGROUP NAME> DROP DISKS IN FAILGROUP <FAILGROUP NAME> FORCE;

如果某塊磁盤失敗，命令如下：

ALTER DISKGROUP <DISKGROUP NAME> DROP DISK <DISK NAME> FORCE;

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