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物理熱備:即數據庫處于開啟時備份,但前提必須要開啟歸檔,因為只有開歸檔,數據庫恢復時才能應用日志將數據庫恢復到最新;物理熱備可以備份單個數據文件、表空間及整個數據庫;物理熱備,分普通表空間(非關鍵數據文件)備份恢復和系統表空間(關鍵數據文件)備份恢復。
系統表空間:指的是system、sysaux、undo表空間;
一:普通表空間的熱備及模擬故障恢復(方法一之關庫恢復shutdown)
1. (前提)物理熱備必須開啟歸檔,查看:
SYS@ORA11GR2>archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 13
Next log sequence to archive 15
Current log sequence 15
SYS@ORA11GR2>
——確認快速恢復區已設置好:
SYS@ORA11GR2>show parameter recover
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/FRA/
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 3G
db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking boolean TRUE
recovery_parallelism integer 0
SYS@ORA11GR2>
2. 查看備份文件絕對路徑(重要)
SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control02.ctl
/u01/app/FRA/control03.ctl
SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01_a.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02_a.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03_a.log
/u01/app/FRA/redo01_b.log
/u01/app/FRA/redo02_b.log
/u01/app/FRA/redo03_b.log
9 rows selected.
3. 模擬備份表空間TS_ORA11GR2
——先查看數據庫的表空間及對應文件
SYS@ORA11GR2>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;
TABLESPACE FILE_NAME
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
UNDOTBS2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
——開始表空間TS_ORA11GR2備份:(沒有關庫,即熱備)
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace TS_ORA11GR2 begin backup;
Tablespace altered.
4. 回到操作系統層copy 表空間TS_ORA11GR2
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ cp ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf /home/oracle
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
[oracle@wang ~]$ ls
ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
[oracle@wang ~]$
5. 結束表空間TS_ORA11GR2備份
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace TS_ORA11GR2 end backup;
Tablespace altered.
驗證是否處于備份:
SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------
1 NOT ACTIVE 0
2 NOT ACTIVE 0
3 NOT ACTIVE 0
4 NOT ACTIVE 0
5 NOT ACTIVE 0
6 NOT ACTIVE 1543727 27-SEP-16
7 NOT ACTIVE 0
(說明備份已完成,結束)
7 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select FILE_ID,TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME from dba_data_files order by 1;
FILE_ID TABLESPACE FILE_NAME
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
2 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
3 UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
4 USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
5 EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
6 TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
7 UNDOTBS2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
6. 操作刪除TS_ORA11GR2表空間下的數據文件:
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ rm ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2
7. 一致性關閉數據庫:
SYS@ORA11GR2>shutdow immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
8.開啟數據庫(顯示找不到ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf)
SYS@ORA11GR2>startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 730714112 bytes
Fixed Size 2256832 bytes
Variable Size 457179200 bytes
Database Buffers 268435456 bytes
Redo Buffers 2842624 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf'
9.進行恢復操作:
——將備份的ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf文件cp到/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/下:
[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@wang ~]$
[oracle@wang ~]$ ls
ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
[oracle@wang ~]$
[oracle@wang ~]$ cp ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/
[oracle@wang ~]$
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
——恢復表空間:
SYS@ORA11GR2> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SYS@ORA11GR2>recover tablespace TS_ORA11GR2
Media recovery complete.
(recover的動作,就是應用日志實現實例恢復到最近時間點)
——將數據庫啟動OPEN狀態:
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter database open;
Database altered.
完成!!!!!!!!!!!!
同類操作后臺日志記錄內容如下:
alert.txt
二:普通表空間的熱備及模擬故障恢復(方法二之在線恢復offline-recover-online)
1.查看熱備是否處于歸檔模式:
SYS@ORA11GR2>archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 22
Next log sequence to archive 24
Current log sequence 24
SYS@ORA11GR2>
2.查看備份文件的絕對路徑:
SYS@ORA11GR2>select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
-----------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01_a.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02_a.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03_a.log
6 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
-----------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control02.ctl
SYS@ORA11GR2>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;
TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME
-------------------------------------------------------
USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
UNDOTBS2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select file_id, tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files order by 1;
FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME
---------- ---------------
1SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
2SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
3UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
4USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
5EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
6TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
7UNDOTBS2 u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2
3.備份數據文件users01.dbf:
——使數據庫處于熱備狀態:(沒有關庫)
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace users begin backup;
Tablespace altered.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
——回到操作系統層copy對應文件到備份目錄下:
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls users01.dbf
users01.dbf
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ cp users01.dbf /home/oracle/
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
[oracle@wang ~]$ ls
users01.dbf
[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@wang ~]$
查看備份狀態:
SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- -------------------
1 NOT ACTIVE 1548675 2016-09-27 16:53:00
2 NOT ACTIVE 0
3 NOT ACTIVE 0
4 ACTIVE 1585418 2016-09-27 21:57:23
5 NOT ACTIVE 0
6 NOT ACTIVE 1543727 2016-09-27 16:11:12
7 NOT ACTIVE 0
(表明備份的動作還沒有結束)
7 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select file_id,tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files order by 1;
FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME
---------- ---------------
1SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
2SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
3UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
4USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
5EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
6TS_ORA11GR2 /01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
7UNDOTBS2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
結束備份:
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace users end backup;
Tablespace altered.
查看備份狀態:
SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- -------------------
1 NOT ACTIVE 1548675 2016-09-27 16:53:00
2 NOT ACTIVE 0
3 NOT ACTIVE 0
4 NOT ACTIVE 1585418 2016-09-27 21:57:23
5 NOT ACTIVE 0
6 NOT ACTIVE 1543727 2016-09-27 16:11:12
7 NOT ACTIVE 0
7 rows selected.
4.操作刪除原目錄下的user01.dbf文件:
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ rm users01.dbf
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls user01.dbf
ls: user01.dbf: No such file or directory
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
5.恢復數據文件:
——將數據文件offline:
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter databasedatafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf' offline;
Database altered.
——將備份目錄下的備份文件copy回原目錄:
[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@wang ~]$ cp users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls users01.dbf
users01.dbf
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
——使用recover命令進行介質恢復
SYS@ORA11GR2>recover datafile4;
Media recovery complete.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
——將表空間修改為online狀態(或者可以將數據文件置于online狀態)
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace users online;
Tablespace altered.
恢復成功!!!!!!!!!
alert.txt
三:系統表空間的熱備及模擬故障恢復
恢復數據庫只能選擇關閉恢復,因為系統表空間只能online;
1.(前提)物理熱備必須開啟歸檔,查看:
SYS@ORA11GR2>archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 13
Next log sequence to archive 15
Current log sequence 15
SYS@ORA11GR2>
2.查看備份文件絕對路徑(重要)
SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control02.ctl
/u01/app/FRA/control03.ctl
SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01_a.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02_a.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03_a.log
/u01/app/FRA/redo01_b.log
/u01/app/FRA/redo02_b.log
/u01/app/FRA/redo03_b.log
9 rows selected.
3.查看數據庫的表空間及對應文件
SYS@ORA11GR2>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;
TABLESPACE FILE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------------
USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
UNDOTBS2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
4.備份系統表空間:
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace SYSTEM begin backup;
Tablespace altered.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
——查看備份狀態:
SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------
1 ACTIVE 1548675 27-SEP-16
2 NOT ACTIVE 0
3 NOT ACTIVE 0
4 NOT ACTIVE 0
5 NOT ACTIVE 0
6 NOT ACTIVE 1543727 27-SEP-16
7 NOT ACTIVE 0
7 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select FILE_ID,TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME from dba_data_files order by 1;
FILE_ID TABLESPACE FILE_NAME
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
2 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
3 UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
4 USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
5 EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
6 TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
7 UNDOTBS2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
5.回到操作系統層copy 表空間system:
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ cp system01.dbf /home/oracle/
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$cd
[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@wang ~]$ ls system01.dbf
system01.dbf
[oracle@wang ~]$
6.結束備份:
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace system end backup;
Tablespace altered.
——查看備份狀態:
SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------
1 NOT ACTIVE 1548675 27-SEP-16
2 NOT ACTIVE 0
3 NOT ACTIVE 0
4 NOT ACTIVE 0
5 NOT ACTIVE 0
6 NOT ACTIVE 1543727 27-SEP-16
7 NOT ACTIVE 0
7 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select FILE_ID,TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME from dba_data_files order by 1;
FILE_ID TABLESPACE FILE_NAME
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
2 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
3 UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
4 USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
5 EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
6 TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
7 UNDOTBS2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf
7 rows selected.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
8. 操作刪除system表空間下的數據文件
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls system01.dbf
system01.dbf
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ rm system01.dbf
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls system01.dbf
ls: system01.dbf: No such file or directory
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
——關庫:(模擬故障)
SYS@ORA11GR2>shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
9. 啟動數據庫:(顯示故障)
SYS@ORA11GR2>startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 730714112 bytes
Fixed Size 2256832 bytes
Variable Size 457179200 bytes
Database Buffers 268435456 bytes
Redo Buffers 2842624 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf'
9.將表空間置于offline進行恢復
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace system offline;
alter tablespace system offline
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01541: system tablespace cannot be brought offline; shut down if necessary
(system等系統表空間不能置于offline下進行恢復,必須關庫后恢復)
SYS@ORA11GR2>shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
——將備份的system01.dbf復制到/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/下
[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@wang ~]$ ls
system01.dbf ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf
[oracle@wang ~]$
[oracle@wang ~]$ cp system01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/
驗證:
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls system01.dbf
system01.dbf
[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$
——再次啟動數據庫
SYS@ORA11GR2>startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 730714112 bytes
Fixed Size 2256832 bytes
Variable Size 457179200 bytes
Database Buffers 268435456 bytes
Redo Buffers 2842624 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf'
——恢復表空間system;(熱備開啟了歸檔,所以可以recover)
SYS@ORA11GR2>recover tablespace system
Media recovery complete.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@ORA11GR2>select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
完成!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
alert.txt
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