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MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析

發布時間：2021-11-06 11:03:19 來源：億速云 閱讀：177 作者：小新 欄目：MySQL數據庫

這篇文章主要為大家展示了“MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析”，內容簡而易懂，條理清晰，希望能夠幫助大家解決疑惑，下面讓小編帶領大家一起研究并學習一下“MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析”這篇文章吧。


    
實驗環境
    mysql master   : 192.168.111.52
    mysql slave     : 192.168.111.53
    keepalived vip :  192.168.111.60
、搭建過程
    1.  mysql雙主的構建
        ① 互相 change master 即可，此處省略該過程，著重講下keepalived

    2. keepalived相關
        ①  yum -y install keepalived 安裝keepalived
        ② root@192.168.111.52:~# keepalived -v
            Keepalived v1.2.7 (02/21,2013)

        ③ 編輯 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf   

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

  1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf

  2. ! Configuration File for keepalived


  4. global_defs {##全局配置

  5.    notification_email {

  6.      horand_gc@163.com                    #####郵件接收者

  7.    }

  8.    notification_email_from dba@163.com    #####郵件發送者

  9.    smtp_server smtp.163.com               #####SMTP服務器

  10.    smtp_connect_timeout 30

  11.    router_id haMySQL                      #####routerID 同一組keepalived設置為相同

  12. }


  14. vrrp_script chk_mysql {##健康檢測相關配置

  15.     script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh" #####設置腳本 或者直命令  返回 0 則表示成功 >0 則表示失敗， 詳情可以后面的腳本內容

  16.     interval 1                            #####檢測間隔

  17.     weight 2                              #####檢測返回失敗之后優先級會減少 2 (如果 master優先級100 ， slave 優先級 99 ,master檢測失敗則優先級為100-2 < 99 ，則slave會提升為主)

  18. }


  20. vrrp_instance VI_1 {

  21.     state MASTER                          ##### 設為master

  22.     interface eth2                        ##### 網卡設定

  23.     virtual_router_id 51                  ##### 針對該 instance的虛擬id  , 同一組 instance設置相同

  24.     priority 100                          ##### 優先級設定

  25.     advert_int 1                          ##### 檢測時間間隔

  26.     authentication {

  27.         auth_type PASS                    ##### 同一組instance之間的認證方式為 PASS ,pass 為7777 ，必須相同(防止 有用戶惡意偽造 vrrp)

  28.         auth_pass 7777

  29.     }

  30.     virtual_ipaddress {

  31.         192.168.111.60                    ##### 設置虛擬ip ,可以設置多個

  32.     }

  33.     

  34.     track_script {

  35.     chk_mysql                             ##### 表示該instance 使用chk_mysql進行相關檢測

  36.     }

  37.   ##### 以下配置 在該實例 轉換為 master,slave，或者出錯的時候執行的腳本(可以設置郵件通知，或者處理一些其他問題)

  38.    # notify_master "/etc/keepalived/change_master.sh"

  39.    # notify_slave "/etc/keepalived/change_slave.sh"

  40.    # notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/change_fault.sh"

  41. }


  43. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf

  44. ! Configuration File for keepalived


  46. global_defs {

  47.    notification_email {

  48.      horand_gc@163.com

  49.    }

  50.    notification_email_from dba@163.com

  51.    smtp_server smtp.163.com

  52.    smtp_connect_timeout 30

  53.    router_id haMySQL

  54. }


  56. vrrp_script chk_mysql {

  57.         script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"

  58.         interval 1

  59.         weight 2

  60. }


  62. vrrp_instance VI_1 {

  63.     state BACKUP                            ##### 該主機作為備機 BACKUP 

  64.     interface eth2

  65.     virtual_router_id 51

  66.     priority 99                             ##### 優先級設置 小于 master

  67.     advert_int 1

  68.     authentication {

  69.         auth_type PASS

  70.         auth_pass 7777

  71.     }

  72.     virtual_ipaddress {

  73.         192.168.111.60

  74.     }

  75.     

  76.     track_script {

  77.         chk_mysql

  78.     }

  79. }


  81. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat chk_mysql.sh

  82. #!/bin/bash


  84. num=`ps -ef |grep mysqld | grep -v grep | wc -l`        ##### 查看mysqld進程數量 ， 正常情況有一個root起的mysqld_safe守護進程，還有一個屬于mysql用戶的mysqld進程

  85. [[ $num -eq 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1

    3. 故障模擬
       ① 啟動 keepalived    

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

  1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tail /var/log/messages

  2. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

  3. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

  4. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Configuration is using : 7417 Bytes

  5. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

  6. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Configuration is using : 65552 Bytes

  7. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

  8. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

  9. Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded

  10. Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

  11. Apr 29 13:45:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE


  13. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages

  14. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector

  15. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

  16. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

  17. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Configuration is using : 65550 Bytes

  18. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

  19. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

  20. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Configuration is using : 7415 Bytes

  21. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

  22. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

  23. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded

    ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master)上
    
    ② 關閉 111.52上面的mysql

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

  1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown

  2. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages

  3. Apr 29 14:19:30 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) failed

  4. Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert

  5. Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE


  7. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages

  8. Apr 29 14:19:55 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election

  9. Apr 29 14:19:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

  10. Apr 29 14:19:57 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

    ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.53(master)上

    ③ 啟動111.52上面的mysql

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

  1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqld_safe & ; tailf /var/log/messages

  2. Apr 29 14:24:21 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded

  3. Apr 29 14:24:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election

  4. Apr 29 14:24:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

  5. Apr 29 14:24:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE


  7. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages

  8. Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert

  9. Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

    ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master)上，也就是說111.52會持續通過track_script的腳本檢查 ，若成功的話會恢復原來的優先級100 ，便把vip搶過來了(若不希望優先級高的直接上來直接搶占vip的話 需要再instance 里面配置 nopreempt ,backup無需設置)

虛擬server
    以上是實驗是通過 vrrp_script以及trace_script 實現優先級變換來實現故障轉移的，現在看下 通過虛擬server怎么實現mysql的高可用
    ① 配置

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

  1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

  2. ! Configuration File for keepalived


  4. global_defs {

  5.    notification_email {

  6.      tab@taomee.com

  7.    }

  8.    notification_email_from dba@taomee.com

  9.    smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com

  10.    smtp_connect_timeout 30

  11.    router_id haMySQL

  12. }


  14. vrrp_script chk_mysql {

  15.     script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"

  16.     interval 1

  17.     weight 2

  18. }


  20. vrrp_instance VI_1 {

  21.     state MASTER

  22.     interface eth2

  23.     virtual_router_id 51

  24.     priority 100

  25.     nopreempt

  26.     advert_int 1

  27.     authentication {

  28.         auth_type PASS

  29.         auth_pass 7777

  30.     }

  31.     virtual_ipaddress {

  32.         192.168.111.60

  33.     }

  34.     

  35. #    track_script {

  36. #    chk_mysql

  37. #    }

  38. }


  40. virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 {

  41.     delay_loop 6

  42.     persistence_timeout 300

  43.     protocol TCP



  46.     real_server 192.168.111.52 3306 {

  47.         weight 1

  48.         notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh

  49.         TCP_CHECK {

  50.             tcp_port 3306

  51.             connect_timeout 3

  52.         }

  53.     }


  55. }


  57. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

  58. ! Configuration File for keepalived


  60. global_defs {

  61.    notification_email {

  62.      tab@taomee.com

  63.    }

  64.    notification_email_from dba@taomee.com

  65.    smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com

  66.    smtp_connect_timeout 30

  67.    router_id haMySQL

  68. }


  70. vrrp_script chk_mysql {

  71.         script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"

  72.         interval 1

  73.         weight 2

  74. }


  76. vrrp_instance VI_1 {

  77.     state BACKUP

  78.     interface eth2

  79.     virtual_router_id 51

  80.     priority 99

  81.     advert_int 1

  82.     authentication {

  83.         auth_type PASS

  84.         auth_pass 7777

  85.     }

  86.     virtual_ipaddress {

  87.         192.168.111.60

  88.     }

  89.     

  90. #    track_script {    #########這里先注釋掉 通過追蹤腳本的檢查

  91. #        chk_mysql

  92. #    }

  93. }


  95. virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 {

  96.     delay_loop 6

  97.     persistence_timeout 300

  98.     protocol TCP



  101.     real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真實 服務

  102.         weight 1                                    #### 權重，用來多真實服務 均衡使用

  103.         notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh    ####在檢查該服務不可用時執行該腳本(用來殺死 keepalived 實現 vip 飄逸)

  104.         TCP_CHECK {

  105.                 tcp_port 3306                       #### 檢查端口 繼承 real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真實 服務

  106.             connect_timeout 3                       #### tcp超時時間

  107.         }

  108.     }


  110. }


  112. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh

  113. #!/bin/bash

  114. killall keepalived



    ②啟動keepalived

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

  1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# keepalived

  2. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages

  3. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

  4. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Configuration is using : 64590 Bytes

  5. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

  6. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Scheduler not found

  7. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found

  8. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Service not defined

  9. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

  10. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.52]:3306

  11. Apr 29 14:48:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

  12. Apr 29 14:48:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE


  14. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# keepalived

  15. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages

  16. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Configuration is using : 11673 Bytes

  17. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

  18. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Configuration is using : 64568 Bytes

  19. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

  20. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

  21. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found

  22. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Scheduler not found

  23. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Service not defined

  24. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

  25. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.53]:3306

    此時 ip a 命令可以查看虛擬ip 111.60 在111.52(master) 上
   
    ③關閉 111.52上的mysql

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

  1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown

  2. 2017-04-29T07:07:38.121123Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql/mysqld.pid ended

  3. [1]+  Done                    mysqld_safe

  4. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages

  5. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: TCP connection to [192.168.111.52]:3306 failed !!!

  6. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Removing service [192.168.111.52]:3306 from VS [192.168.111.60]:3306

  7. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: IPVS: Service not defined

  8. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Executing [/etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh] for service [192.168.111.52]:3306 in VS [192.168.111.60]:3306

  9. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Lost quorum 1-0=1 > 0 for VS [192.168.111.60]:3306

  10. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Remote SMTP server [0.0.0.0]:25 connected.

  11. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived[23404]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.7 (02/21,2013)

  12. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: IPVS: No such service

  13. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23406]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority


  15. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages

  16. Apr 29 15:07:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26815]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

  17. Apr 29 15:07:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26815]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

    此時 ip a 命令可以看到虛擬ip 111.60在111.53(新master)上

以上是“MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析”這篇文章的所有內容，感謝各位的閱讀！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的內容對大家有所幫助，如果還想學習更多知識，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道！

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