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實驗參考 http://blog.csdn.net/qq_19175749/article/details/51607210
官方站點：http://linux-ha.org/wiki/Main_Page
heartbeat可以資源(VIP地址及程序服務)從一臺有故障的服務器快速的轉移到另一臺正常的服務器提供服務，heartbeat和keepalived相似，heartbeat可以實現failover功能，但不能實現對后端的健康檢查
heartbeat和keepalived應用場景及區別
很多網友說為什么不使用keepalived而使用長期不更新的heartbeat，下面說一下它們之間的應用場景及區別
1、對于web，db，負載均衡(lvs,haproxy,nginx)等，heartbeat和keepalived都可以實現
2、lvs最好和keepalived結合，因為keepalived最初就是為lvs產生的，(heartbeat沒有對RS的健康檢查功能，heartbeat可以通過ldircetord來進行健康檢查的功能)
3、mysql雙主多從，NFS/MFS存儲，他們的特點是需要數據同步，這樣的業務最好使用heartbeat，因為heartbeat有自帶的drbd腳本
總結：無數據同步的應用程序高可用可選擇keepalived，有數據同步的應用程序高可用可選擇heartbeat
官方站點： http://www.drbd.org/users-guide-8.4/
DRBD(DistributedReplicatedBlockDevice)是一個基于塊設備級別在遠程服務器直接同步和鏡像數據的軟件，用軟件實現的、無共享的、服務器之間鏡像塊設備內容的存儲復制解決方案。它可以實現在網絡中兩臺服務器之間基于塊設備級別的實時鏡像或同步復制(兩臺服務器都寫入成功)/異步復制(本地服務器寫入成功)，相當于網絡的RAID1，由于是基于塊設備(磁盤，LVM邏輯卷)，在文件系統的底層，所以數據復制要比cp命令更快。DRBD已經被MySQL官方寫入文檔手冊作為推薦的高可用的方案之一
官方站點： http://www.mysql.com/
MySQL是一個開放源碼的小型關聯式數據庫管理系統。目前MySQL被廣泛地應用在Internet上的中小型網站中。由于其體積小、速度快、總體擁有成本低，尤其是開放源碼這一特點，許多中小型網站為了降低網站總體擁有成本而選擇了MySQL作為網站數據庫。
架構說明：
一主多從最常用的架構，多個從庫可以使用lvs來提供讀的負載均衡
解決一主單點的問題，當主庫宕機后，可以實現主庫宕機后備節點自動接管，所有的從庫會自動和新的主庫進行同步，實現了mysql主庫的熱備方案
|
系統環境 |
|
|
系統 |
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 |
|
系統位數 |
x86_64 |
|
內核版本 |
2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 |
|
軟件環境 |
|
|
heartbeat |
heartbeat-3.0.4 |
|
drbd |
drbd-8.4.4 |
|
mysql |
mysql-5.5.32 |
|
角色 |
IP |
|
VIP |
eth0: 192.168.12.1/24 （提供對外服務地址） |
|
master1 |
eth0: 192.168.12.55/24 （內網） eth2: 10.1.12.55/24 （心跳線） eth3: 10.2.12.55/24（DRBD千兆數據傳輸） |
|
master2 |
eth0: 192.168.12.56/24 （內網） eth2: 10.1.12.56/24 （心跳線） eth3: 10.2.12.56/24（DRBD千兆數據傳輸） |
|
slave1 |
eth0: 192.168.12.55/24（暫時放在master1上） |
|
說明：從庫通過主庫的VIP進行主從同步replication |
|
|
需求： 1、主庫master1宕機后master2自動接管VIP以及所有從庫 2、在master2接管時，不影響從庫的主從同步replication |
|
|
磁盤 |
容量 |
分區 |
掛載點 |
說明 |
|
/dev/sdb |
18G |
/dev/sdb2 |
/data/ |
存放數據 |
|
2G |
/dev/sdb1 |
metadata分區 |
存放drbd同步的狀態信息 |
|
|
注意 1、metadata分區一定不能格式化建立文件系統(sdb2存放drbd同步的狀態信息) 2、分好的分區不要進行掛載 3、生產環境DRBDmetadata分區一般可設置為1-2G，數據分區看需求給最大 4、在生產環境中兩塊硬盤一樣大 |
||||
## 主機名、ip修改，關閉防火墻，重啟一次系統：
# hostname master1
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=master1
#### 如下：
[root@master1 ~]# hostname
master1
[root@master1 ~]# ip add|egrep "eth0|eth2|eth3"|grep inet
inet 192.168.12.55/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 10.1.12.55/24 brd 10.1.12.255 scope global eth2
inet 10.2.12.55/24 brd 10.2.12.255 scope global eth3
[root@master1 ~]# fdisk -l|grep sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
[root@master1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@master1 ~]# reboot
[root@master2 ~]# hostname
master2
[root@master2 ~]# ip add|egrep "eth0|eth2|eth3"|grep inet
inet 192.168.12.56/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 10.1.12.56/24 brd 10.1.12.255 scope global eth2
inet 10.2.12.56/24 brd 10.2.12.255 scope global eth3
[root@master2 ~]# fdisk -l|grep sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
[root@master2 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@master2 ~]# reboot
======master1
[root@master1 ~]# route add -host 10.1.12.56 dev eth2 《到對端心跳路由》
[root@master1 ~]# route add -host 10.2.12.56 dev eth3 《到對端DRBD數據路由》
[root@master1 ~]# route -n|grep "10\."|sort
10.1.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2
10.1.12.56 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth2
10.2.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3
10.2.12.56 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth3
## hosts配置選擇心跳ip以及drbd-ip
[root@master1 ~]# echo "10.1.12.55 master1
10.2.12.55 master1
10.1.12.56 master2
10.2.12.56 master2" >> /etc/hosts
[root@master1 ~]# tail -4 /etc/hosts
10.1.12.55 master1
10.2.12.55 master1
10.1.12.56 master2
10.2.12.56 master2
======master2
[root@master2 ~]# route add -host 10.1.12.55 dev eth2
[root@master2 ~]# route add -host 10.2.12.55 dev eth3
[root@master2 ~]# route -n|grep "10\."|sort
10.1.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2
10.1.12.55 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth2
10.2.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3
10.2.12.55 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth3
## hosts配置選擇心跳ip
[root@master2 ~]# echo "10.1.12.55 master1
10.2.12.55 master1
10.1.12.56 master2
10.2.12.56 master2" >> /etc/hosts
[root@master2 ~]# tail -2 /etc/hosts
10.1.12.55 master1
10.2.12.55 master1
10.1.12.56 master2
10.2.12.56 master2
## 如果開啟防火墻，需要放行udp 694端口 主備一致
[root@master2 heartbeat-3.0.4-RPM]# cat setup.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd `dirname $0`
echo `pwd`
echo install lib64ltdl7
rpm -ivf lib64ltdl7-2.2.6-6.1mdv2009.1.x86_64.rpm
echo install perl-TimeDate
rpm -ivf perl-TimeDate-1.16-13.el6.noarch.rpm
echo install PyXML
rpm -ivf PyXML-0.8.4-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
echo install cluster-glue-libs
rpm -ivf cluster-glue-libs-1.0.5-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
echo install cluster-glue
rpm -ivf cluster-glue-1.0.5-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
echo install resource-agents
rpm -ivf resource-agents-3.9.5-24.el6_7.1.x86_64.rpm
echo install heartbeat
rpm -ivf heartbeat-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm heartbeat-libs-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
echo Done
exit 0
[root@master2 heartbeat-3.0.4-RPM]# sh setup.sh
[root@master2 heartbeat-3.0.4-RPM]# rpm -qa|grep heartbeat
heartbeat-libs-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64
heartbeat-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64
## 主備兩端配置文件ha.cf/authkeys/sharesources 完全一致
[root@master1 ~]# vim /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
#log configure
debugfile /var/log/ha-debug
logfile /var/log/ha-log
logfacility local1
#options configure
keepalive 2
deadtime 30
warntime 10
initdead 120
#bcast eth2
mcast eth2 225.0.0.55 694 1 0
#node configure
auto_failback on
node master1
node master2
crm no
[root@master1 ~]# vi /etc/ha.d/authkeys
auth 1
1 sha1 47e9336850f1db6fa58bc470bc9b7810eb397f06
[root@master1 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
master1 IPaddr::192.168.12.1/24/eth0
#master1 IPaddr::192.168.12.1/24/eth0 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext4 mysqld
說明：
drbddisk::data <==啟動drbd data資源，相當于執行/etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk data stop/start操作
Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext4 <==drbd分區掛載到/data目錄，相當于執行/etc/ha.d/resource.d/Filesystem /dev/drbd1 /data ext4 stop/start <==相當于系統中執行mount /dev/drbd1 /data
mysql <==啟動mysql服務腳本，相當于/etc/init.d/mysql stop/start
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
## 注意看日志
[root@master1 ~]# tail -200f /var/log/ha-log
[root@master1 ~]# tail -200f /var/log/ha-debug
[root@master1 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.55/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global secondary eth0
[root@master1 ~]# chkconfig --list heartbeat
heartbeat 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@master2 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
[root@master2 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.56/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
## 模擬故障
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
[root@master1 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.55/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
[root@master2 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.56/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global secondary eth0
說明：master1宕機后，vip地址漂移到master2節點上，master2成為主節點
## master1搶占vip
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
[root@master1 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.55/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global secondary eth0
[root@master2 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.56/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
說明：master1啟動后，vip地址漂移回master1節點上，master1成為主節點。原因是/etc/ha.d/ha.cf 參數中auto_failback on 這里建議改為off
## 這里已經分好區，如下：（2G給drbd存狀態信息，18G用于存data數據）
[root@master1 ~]# fdisk -l|grep sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 83 Linux
[root@master2 ~]# fdisk -l|grep sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 263 2610 18860310 83 Linux
## 格式化sdb2分區，sdb1分區為meta data分區，不要格式化
[root@master1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
[root@master2 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
## 主備節點兩端配置文件完全一致
# yum -y install kernel-devel kernel-headers flex
# tar zxvf drbd-8.4.4.tar.gz
# cd drbd-8.4.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/drbd --with-km
# make KDIR=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
# make install
# mkdir -p /usr/local/drbd/var/run/drbd
# cp /usr/local/drbd/etc/rc.d/init.d/drbd /etc/rc.d/init.d/
# chkconfig --add drbd
# chkconfig --list drbd
drbd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
回到剛剛解壓drbd的目錄，然后
# cd drbd
# make clean
rm -rf .tmp_versions Module.markers Module.symvers modules.order
rm -f *.[oas] *.ko .*.cmd .*.d .*.tmp *.mod.c .*.flags .depend .kernel*
rm -f compat/*.[oas] compat/.*.cmd
# make KDIR=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
# cp drbd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/kernel/lib/
# depmod
# modprobe drbd
# 查看模塊是否加載成功
# lsmod |grep drbd
drbd 340519 0
libcrc32c 1246 1 drbd
## 配置開機自動加載
# echo "modprobe drbd >/dev/null 2>&1" > /etc/sysconfig/modules/drbd.modules
[root@master1 ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/modules/drbd.modules
modprobe drbd >/dev/null 2>&1
## 主備節點兩端配置文件完全一致
[root@master1 ~]# vi /usr/local/drbd/etc/drbd.conf
global {
# minor-count 64;
# dialog-refresh 5; # 5 seconds
# disable-ip-verification;
usage-count no;
}
common {
protocol C;
disk {
on-io-error detach;
#size 454G;
no-disk-flushes;
no-md-flushes;
}
net {
sndbuf-size 512k;
# timeout 60; # 6 seconds (unit = 0.1 seconds)
# connect-int 10; # 10 seconds (unit = 1 second)
# ping-int 10; # 10 seconds (unit = 1 second)
# ping-timeout 5; # 500 ms (unit = 0.1 seconds)
max-buffers 8000;
unplug-watermark 1024;
max-epoch-size 8000;
# ko-count 4;
# allow-two-primaries;
cram-hmac-alg "sha1";
shared-secret "hdhwXes23sYEhart8t";
after-sb-0pri disconnect;
after-sb-1pri disconnect;
after-sb-2pri disconnect;
rr-conflict disconnect;
# data-integrity-alg "md5";
# no-tcp-cork;
}
syncer {
rate 120M;
al-extents 517;
}
}
resource data {
on master1 {
device /dev/drbd1;
disk /dev/sdb2;
address 10.2.12.55:7788;
meta-disk /dev/sdb1 [0];
}
on master2 {
device /dev/drbd1;
disk /dev/sdb2;
address 10.2.12.56:7788;
meta-disk /dev/sdb1 [0];
}
}
## 主備節點兩端配置文件完全一致
[root@master1 ~]# drbdadm create-md data
Writing meta data...
initializing activity log
NOT initializing bitmap
New drbd meta data block successfully created.
## 主備都需要
[root@master1 ~]# drbdadm up all
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
1: cs:WFConnection ro:Secondary/Unknown ds:Inconsistent/DUnknown C r----s
ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:18860312
## 主節點操作
[root@master1 ~]# drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer primary data
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
1: cs:SyncSource ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/Inconsistent C r-----
ns:10354688 nr:0 dw:0 dr:10358428 al:0 bm:632 lo:1 pe:0 ua:4 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:8505624
[==========>.........] sync'ed: 55.0% (8304/18416)M
finish: 0:01:25 speed: 99,360 (96,772) K/sec
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master2, 2016-10-29 23:25:51
1: cs:SyncTarget ro:Secondary/Primary ds:Inconsistent/UpToDate C r-----
ns:0 nr:15407104 dw:15406080 dr:0 al:0 bm:940 lo:2 pe:7 ua:1 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:3454232
[===============>....] sync'ed: 81.7% (3372/18416)M
finish: 0:00:35 speed: 98,360 (96,288) want: 102,400 K/sec
[root@master1 ~]# chkconfig --list drbd
drbd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@master1 ~]# drbdadm primary all
[root@master1 ~]# mkdir /data
[root@master1 ~]# mount /dev/drbd1 /data/
[root@master1 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
/dev/drbd1 ext4 18G 172M 17G 1% /data
## 正常狀態
[root@master1 ~]# cp drbd-8.4.4.tar.gz /data/
[root@master1 ~]# echo "test drbd switch .....">/data/test.txt
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:18861122 nr:0 dw:812 dr:18861341 al:4 bm:1152 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master2, 2016-10-29 23:25:51
1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:0 nr:18861146 dw:18861146 dr:0 al:0 bm:1152 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
說明：master1為主節點，master2為備節點
## 模擬master1宕機
[root@master1 ~]# umount /dev/drbd1
[root@master1 ~]# drbdadm down all
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master2, 2016-10-29 23:25:51
1: cs:WFConnection ro:Secondary/Unknown ds:UpToDate/DUnknown C r-----
ns:0 nr:18861178 dw:18861178 dr:0 al:0 bm:1152 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master2 ~]# drbdadm primary all
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master2, 2016-10-29 23:25:51
1: cs:WFConnection ro:Primary/Unknown ds:UpToDate/DUnknown C r-----
ns:0 nr:18861178 dw:18861178 dr:668 al:0 bm:1152 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master2 ~]# mkdir /data
[root@master2 ~]# mount /dev/drbd1 /data/
[root@master2 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
/dev/drbd1 ext4 18G 173M 17G 2% /data
[root@master2 ~]# ll -lrht /data/
total 716K
drwx------ 2 root root 16K Mar 16 2018 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 693K Mar 16 2018 drbd-8.4.4.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Mar 16 2018 test.txt
說明：master1宕機后，master2可以升級為主節點，掛載drbd分區繼續使用
#### 還原drbd到master1
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/drbd start
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:0 nr:4 dw:4 dr:0 al:0 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master2, 2016-10-29 23:25:51
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:4 nr:18861178 dw:18861182 dr:1027 al:1 bm:1153 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master2 ~]# /etc/init.d/drbd stop
Stopping all DRBD resources:
.
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
cat: /proc/drbd: No such file or directory
[root@master2 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
[root@master2 ~]# /etc/init.d/drbd start
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master2, 2016-10-29 23:25:51
1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master1 ~]# drbdadm primary all
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:0 nr:8 dw:8 dr:668 al:0 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master1 ~]# mount /dev/drbd1 /data/
[root@master1 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
/dev/drbd1 ext4 18G 173M 17G 2% /data
[root@master1 ~]# chkconfig --list drbd
drbd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@master1 ~]# chkconfig drbd off
[root@master1 ~]# vi /etc/ha.d/haresources
master1 IPaddr::192.168.12.1/24/eth0 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext4
[root@master1 ~]# cp /root/drbd-8.4.4/scripts/drbddisk /etc/ha.d/resource.d/
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
[root@master2 ~]# chkconfig drbd off
[root@master2 ~]# vi /etc/ha.d/haresources
master1 IPaddr::192.168.12.1/24/eth0 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext4
[root@master2 ~]# cp /root/drbd-8.4.4/scripts/drbddisk /etc/ha.d/resource.d/
[root@master2 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
[root@master2 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
## 測試切換
[root@master1 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.55/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global secondary eth0
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:4 nr:0 dw:4 dr:693 al:1 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master1 ~]# df -hT|grep /drbd
/dev/drbd1 ext4 18G 173M 17G 2% /data
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:8 nr:4 dw:12 dr:1027 al:1 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master1 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.55/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
[root@master2 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.56/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global secondary eth0
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master2, 2016-10-29 23:25:51
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:4 nr:8 dw:12 dr:693 al:1 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master2 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
/dev/drbd1 ext4 18G 173M 17G 2% /data
## master1安裝mysql，master2只安裝到初始化之前，slave從庫也配置在master1上，這里暫時不配置slave從庫
# ls -lrht cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.5M Oct 20 04:50 cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
# tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
# cd cmake-2.8.8
# ./configure
# gmake
# gmake install
# which cmake
/usr/local/bin/cmake
# yum -y install ncurses-devel
# yum -y install bison
----u 指定用戶uid ----s 指定用戶登錄所使用shell ----M 不要創建用戶登錄目錄 ----g 指定用戶所屬組 ----G指定用戶附加組
# groupadd -g 1200 mysql
# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql -u 1200
---hosts配置（這里不用配置，因為后續mysql是通過vip提供服務）
# tail -4 /etc/hosts
10.1.12.55 master1
10.2.12.55 master1
10.1.12.56 master2
10.2.12.56 master2
# tar zxf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.5.32
# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app/mysql-5.5.32 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/app/mysql-5.5.32/data \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/app/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
# make && make install
# ln -s /app/mysql-5.5.32/ /app/mysql
# ll /app/
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Oct 30 05:06 mysql -> /app/mysql-5.5.32/
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 Oct 30 05:05 mysql-5.5.32
# echo 'export PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
tail -5 /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
echo $PATH
## 放到drbd存儲上
# vi /data/master/my.cnf
[mysqld]
socket = /data/master/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /data/master/mysql.pid
datadir = /data/master/data
basedir = /app/mysql
user = mysql
server-id=1
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/master/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
## 注意：數據庫存放數據的目錄一定要在drbd分區
## master1上操作
[root@master1 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
/dev/drbd1 ext4 18G 173M 17G 2% /data
[root@master1 ~]# cd /app/mysql/scripts/
# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/data/master/data --user=mysql
# chown -R mysql. /data/master/
## 啟動mysql
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/master/my.cnf &
# netstat -nltpd |grep mysql
## 修改mysql登錄密碼
# /app/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '111111' -S /data/master/mysql.sock
## 登錄測試
# mysql -uroot -p111111 -S /data/master/mysql.sock
## 注意master1、master2都需要添加，并且需要添加到ha啟動目錄下
# vi /etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld
#!/bin/bash
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="111111"
cmdpath="/app/mysql/bin/"
mysql_sock="/data/master/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e ${mysql_sock} ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${cmdpath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/master/my.cnf 2>&1 >/dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
# echo " ${cmdpath}mysqladmin -u${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /mysqldata/${port}/mysql${port}.sock shutd
own "
${cmdpath}mysqladmin -u${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/master/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage:/mysqldata/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
## 測試啟停
# chmod a+x /etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld
# /etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld start
# netstat -nltpd |grep mysql
## 先停master1上的mysql服務
# /etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld stop
## 停master1上的高可用，使得drbd磁盤掛載到master2上
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availability services: Done.
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO: Resource is stopped
Done.
## master2上檢查
[root@master2 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.56/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global secondary eth0
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master2, 2016-10-29 23:25:51
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:20 nr:41760 dw:41780 dr:2096 al:1 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master2 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
/dev/drbd1 ext4 18G 202M 17G 2% /data
## master2拷貝mysql啟停服務并修改
# scp /etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld master2:/etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld
## 啟停測試
[root@master2 ~]# /etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]
[root@master2 ~]# netstat -nltpd|grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 41571/mysqld
[root@master2 ~]# /etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ]
=======master1、master2都需要操作
## 先停高可用
# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
## 將mysqld服務移動到ha服務中
# chkconfig --list mysqld
service mysqld supports chkconfig, but is not referenced in any runlevel (run 'chkconfig --add mysqld')
# ll /etc/ha.d/resource.d/|grep mysql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1152 Oct 30 11:35 mysqld
## 修改啟動參數
# vi /etc/ha.d/haresources
master1 IPaddr::192.168.12.1/24/eth0 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext4 mysqld
## 啟動高可用
# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
# tail -200f /var/log/ha-log
# tail -200f /var/log/ha-debug
## 檢查
[root@master1 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.55/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global secondary eth0
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:41952 nr:884 dw:42836 dr:9467 al:16 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master1 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
/dev/drbd1 ext4 18G 202M 17G 2% /data
[root@master1 ~]# netstat -nltpd|grep mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 54535/mysqld
## 測試切換
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
[root@master1 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.55/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
[root@master1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master1, 2018-03-16 11:44:26
1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:42100 nr:996 dw:43096 dr:9801 al:16 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master1 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
[root@master1 ~]# netstat -nltpd|grep mysql
[root@master2 ~]# ip add|grep 192
inet 192.168.12.56/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global secondary eth0
[root@master2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.4 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 74402fecf24da8e5438171ee8c19e28627e1c98a build by root@master2, 2016-10-29 23:25:51
1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:1044 nr:42100 dw:43144 dr:13859 al:6 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
[root@master2 ~]# df -hT|grep drbd
/dev/drbd1 ext4 18G 202M 17G 2% /data
[root@master2 ~]# netstat -nltpd|grep mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 43020/mysqld
## 現在mysql的HA已經配置好，當前節點在master1上
## 簡單配置優化
[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111 -S /data/master/mysql.sock
mysql> drop database test;
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='';
mysql> delete from mysql.user where host='master1';
mysql> delete from mysql.user where host='::1';
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
## 修改主庫參數
[root@master1 ~]# vi /data/master/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
log-bin=/data/master/mysql-bin
## 重啟mysql
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysqld restart
[root@master1 ~]# netstat -nltpd |grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 43242/mysqld
[root@master1 ~]# ll /data/master/|grep mysql-bin
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 126 Mar 19 16:03 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 107 Mar 19 16:03 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 60 Mar 19 16:03 mysql-bin.index
## 主庫創建同步帳號rep
# mysql -uroot -p111111 -S /data/master/mysql.sock
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.12.%' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
## 測試連接，從庫通過vip進行同步
# mysql -urep -p123456 -h292.168.12.1 -P3306
## 從庫安裝到master1的本地磁盤
[root@master1 ~]# mkdir -p /mysql/slave
[root@master1 ~]# cd /app/mysql/scripts/
# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/mysql/slave/data --user=mysql
# vi /mysql/slave/my.cnf
[mysqld]
socket = /mysql/slave/mysql.sock
port = 3307
pid-file = /mysql/slave/mysql.pid
datadir = /mysql/slave/data
basedir = /app/mysql
user = mysql
server-id=2
[client]
port = 3307
socket = /mysql/slave/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# chown -R mysql. /mysql/slave
## 啟動mysql
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/slave/my.cnf &
# netstat -nltpd |grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 62750/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 62462/mysqld
## 從庫通過vip連接主庫
[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /mysql/slave/mysql.sock
mysql> change master to
master_host='192.168.12.1',
master_port=3306,
master_user='rep',
master_password='123456';
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
## 測試主從同步
[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111 -S /data/master/mysql.sock
mysql> create database shaw_db;
mysql> create table shaw_db.t_user as select * from mysql.user;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
## 從庫查看數據
mysql> show databases like 'shaw%';
+------------------+
| Database (shaw%) |
+------------------+
| shaw_db |
+------------------+
mysql> select count(*) from shaw_db.t_user;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 7 |
+----------+
## 這里注意，為什么這里主庫插入3條數據，而從庫插入7條數據，因為從庫初始化后直接change master同步的主庫數據，而mysql庫中user表里面的數據并沒有清理，因此查詢的數據會比主庫多
mysql> select user,host from shaw_db.t_user;
+------+--------------+
| user | host |
+------+--------------+
| root | localhost |
| root | master1 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| | localhost |
| | master1 |
| rep | 192.168.12.% |
+------+--------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
## 目前主庫在master1上，切換ha到master2上
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
## 此時主庫已經切換到master2上，查看當前從庫狀態
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Reconnecting after a failed master event read
Master_Host: 192.168.12.1
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 537
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 683
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 537
Relay_Log_Space: 985
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 2003
Last_IO_Error: error reconnecting to master 'rep@192.168.12.1:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 86400
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## 等待60s后，從庫自動和master2同步了
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.12.1
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000005
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 555
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## 此時在master2上創建一些表 看是否能同步到從庫上
[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111 -S /data/master/mysql.sock
mysql> use shaw_db;
mysql> create table t_zhong (id int,name varchar(20));
mysql> insert into t_zhong values(1,'test'),(2,'test2'),(3,'test3');
## 從庫查看數據
mysql> select * from shaw_db.t_zhong;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | test |
| 2 | test2 |
| 3 | test3 |
+------+-------+
1、高可用服務器之間心跳鏈路故障，導致無法相互檢查心跳
2、高可用服務器上開啟了防火墻，阻擋了心跳檢測
3、高可用服務器上網卡地址等信息配置不正常，導致發送心跳失敗
4、其他服務配置不當等原因，如心跳方式不同，心跳廣播沖突，軟件BUG等
1、加冗余線路
2、檢測到裂腦時，強行關閉心跳檢測(遠程關閉主節點，控制電源的電路fence)
3、做好腦裂的監控報警
4、報警后，備節點在接管時設置比較長的時間去接管，給運維人員足夠的時間去處理(人為處理)
5、啟動磁盤鎖，正在服務的一方鎖住磁盤，裂腦發生時，讓對方完全搶不走"共享磁盤資源"
磁盤鎖存在的問題：
使用鎖磁盤會有死鎖的問題，如果占用共享磁盤的一方不主動"解鎖"另一方就永遠得不到共享磁盤，假如服務器節點突然死機或崩潰，就不可能執行解鎖命令，備節點也就無法接管資源和服務了，有人在HA中設計了智能鎖，正在提供服務的一方只在發現心跳全部斷開時才會啟用磁盤鎖，平時就不上鎖
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