Docker 基礎

發布時間：2020-07-06 10:48:11 來源：網絡閱讀：340 作者：John_Lu08 欄目：云計算

Docker基礎一(基本配置)

1、配置docker0 ip地址；

root@Userver01:~# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json

{

"bip": "172.16.10.1/24"

}

root@Userver01:~# systemctl restart docker.service

root@Userver01:~# ip add l

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:cd:a0:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.251.131/24 brd 172.16.251.255 scope global ens32

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fecd:a083/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default

link/ether 02:42:80:e8:b3:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.10.1/24 brd 172.16.10.255 scope global docker0

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2、配置docker加速器；

root@Userver01:~# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json

{

"bip": "172.16.10.1/24",

"registry-mirrors": ["http://5dd4061a.m.daocloud.io"]

}

root@Userver01:~# systemctl restart docker.service

root@Userver01:~# docker info

Containers: 0

Running: 0

Paused: 0

Stopped: 0

Images: 0

Server Version: 18.09.0

Storage Driver: overlay2

Backing Filesystem: extfs

Supports d_type: true

Native Overlay Diff: true

Logging Driver: json-file

Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs

Plugins:

Volume: local

Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay

Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog

Swarm: inactive

Runtimes: runc

Default Runtime: runc

Init Binary: docker-init

containerd version: c4446665cb9c30056f4998ed953e6d4ff22c7c39

runc version: 4fc53a81fb7c994640722ac585fa9ca548971871

init version: fec3683

Security Options:

apparmor

seccomp

Profile: default

Kernel Version: 4.4.0-131-generic

Operating System: Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS

OSType: linux

Architecture: x86_64

CPUs: 8

Total Memory: 15.65GiB

Name: Userver01

ID: NB22:HKEI:YEOY:A2F4:TXZP:GEQO:OUME:CT4M:ENYA:VWIM:XXHG:KVK5

Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker

Debug Mode (client): false

Debug Mode (server): false

Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/

Labels:

Experimental: false

Insecure Registries:

127.0.0.0/8

Registry Mirrors:

http://5dd4061a.m.daocloud.io/

Live Restore Enabled: false

Product License: Community Engine

WARNING: No swap limit support

3、配置docker服務日志格式；

root@Userver01:~# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json

{

"bip": "172.16.10.1/24",

"registry-mirrors": ["http://5dd4061a.m.daocloud.io"],

"log-driver": "journald"

}

root@Userver01:~# systemctl restart docker.service

root@Userver01:~# journalctl -xe _SYSTEMD_UNIT=docker.service

Nov 26 16:40:20 Userver01 dockerd[1979]: time="2018-11-26T16:40:20.462003344+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."

Nov 26 16:40:20 Userver01 dockerd[1979]: time="2018-11-26T16:40:20.630612895+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."

Nov 26 16:40:20 Userver01 dockerd[1979]: time="2018-11-26T16:40:20.678251298+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=4d60db4 graphdriver(s)=o

Nov 26 16:40:20 Userver01 dockerd[1979]: time="2018-11-26T16:40:20.678752739+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"

4、配置docker dns；

root@Userver01:~# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json

{

"bip": "172.16.10.1/24",

"registry-mirrors": ["http://5dd4061a.m.daocloud.io"],

"log-driver": "journald",

"dns": ["223.5.5.5","223.6.6.6"]

}

root@Userver01:~# systemctl restart docker.service

5、運行容器；

root@Userver01:~# docker run -d nginx:1.15

Unable to find image 'nginx:1.15' locally

1.15: Pulling from library/nginx

a5a6f2f73cd8: Pull complete

67da5fbcb7a0: Pull complete

e82455fa5628: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:372965e4f3a1d60ec5be171f839dfe9f8ea076700144f042bae87700a20c9ded

Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.15

246b049b64e32ef924e30a0d614537061cf12a8d1a0408f469dbcf1030c0d554

root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

246b049b64e3 nginx:1.15 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 22 seconds ago Up 21 seconds 80/tcp xenodochial_swirles

6、登錄容器系統；

root@Userver01:~# docker exec -it 246 /bin/bash

root@246b049b64e3:/# cat /etc/resolv.conf

search localdomain

nameserver 223.5.5.5

nameserver 223.6.6.6

Docker基礎二（容器管理）

1、運行容器

# 啟動一個httpd容器，使其在后臺運行并將其80端口映射到宿主機80端口

root@Userver01:~# docker run -d -p 80:80 httpd

Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally

latest: Pulling from library/httpd

a5a6f2f73cd8: Already exists

ac13924397e3: Pull complete

91b81769f14a: Pull complete

fec7170426de: Pull complete

992c7790d5f3: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:63dba1dad8fe8a920226a631f8189d736b4a5129c2d2edc046a46f36ffc0091c

Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest

b911f2812e516b140f69f412923264670074ec83e4b7aef186041f0e40d57cd4

root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

b911f2812e51 httpd "httpd-foreground" 42 seconds ago Up 41 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp modest_vaughan

# 啟動一個ubuntu 16.04的容器，打印完"hello world"即退出

root@Userver01:~# docker run ubuntu:16.04 /bin/echo "hello world."

Unable to find image 'ubuntu:16.04' locally

16.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu

7b8b6451c85f: Pull complete

ab4d1096d9ba: Pull complete

e6797d1788ac: Pull complete

e25c5c290bde: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:e547ecaba7d078800c358082088e6cc710c3affd1b975601792ec701c80cdd39

Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:16.04

hello world.

root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

4683e7b221b7 ubuntu:16.04 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 28 seconds ago Exited (0) 27 seconds ago pedantic_swirles

b911f2812e51 httpd "httpd-foreground" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp modest_vaughan

2、容器的啟動過程說明：

?檢查本地是否存在指定的鏡像，如果沒有就從指定的倉庫下載

?利用鏡像啟動一個容器

?分配一個文件系統，并在只讀的鏡像層外面掛載一層可讀寫層

?從宿主機配置的網橋接口中橋接一個虛擬接口到容器中去

?從地址池配置一個IP給容器

?執行用戶指定的程序

?執行完畢后停止容器

3、 docker run常用選項說明

-t：配置一個偽終端并綁定到容器的標準輸入上

-i：讓容器的標準輸入保持打開

-d：將容器放入后臺運行

-c：指定分配該容器的cpu分片

-m：指定分配給該容器的內存大小，單位為B,K,M,G

4、查看當前節點上的容器狀態

docker ps #查看當前正在運行的容器

選項：

-a：查看所有容器，包括停止的

-q：只顯示容器ID

-l：顯示最后一次創建的容器

root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

a5a204b817cc ubuntu:16.04 "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago gifted_tereshkova

4683e7b221b7 ubuntu:16.04 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago pedantic_swirles

b911f2812e51 httpd "httpd-foreground" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp modest_vaughan

root@Userver01:~# docker ps -q

b911f2812e51

root@Userver01:~# docker ps -qa

a5a204b817cc

4683e7b221b7

b911f2812e51

root@Userver01:~# docker ps -ql

a5a204b817cc

5、進入容器

docker exec -it <容器id/容器name> /bin/bash

root@Userver01:~# docker ps -qa

a5a204b817cc

4683e7b221b7

b911f2812e51

root@Userver01:~# docker exec -it b9 /bin/bash

root@b911f2812e51:/usr/local/apache2#

6、容器按用途大致可分為兩類：

?服務類容器，如webserver、database等

?工具類容器，如curl容器、redis-cli容器等

7、容器的啟停操作

# 容器的創建：

docker create

# 容器的啟動：

docker start <容器id>

# 容器的停止：

docker stop <容器id>

docker kill <容器id>

# 容器的重啟：

docker restart <容器id>

# 容器的刪除：

docker rm <容器id>

選項：

-f：強行終止并刪除一個運行中的容器

-v：刪除容器掛載的數據卷

# 暫停容器：

docker pause <容器id>

# 從暫停中恢復：

docker unpause <容器id>

8、容器生命周期管理

Docker 基礎

9、容器資源限制

內存限制

-m：允許分配的內存大小

--memory-swap：允許分配的內存和swap的總大小

--memory-swapiness：控制內存與swap置換的比例

啟動一個ubuntu容器，限制內存為200M, 內存與swap的總和為300M:

docker run -it -m 200M --memory-swap 300M ubuntu:16.04

CPU限制

docker可以通過-c或--cpu-shares設置容器使用的cpu的權重。如果不指定，默認為1024

docker run --name container_A -c 1024 ubuntu

docker run --name container_B -c 512 ubuntu

container_A的cpu share 1024，是 container_B 的兩倍。當兩個容器都需要 CPU 資源時，container_A可以得到的 CPU 是container_B的兩倍。

io 限制

?--device-read-bps，限制讀某個設備的 bps。

?--device-write-bps，限制寫某個設備的 bps。

?--device-read-iops，限制讀某個設備的 iops。

?--device-write-iops，限制寫某個設備的 iops。

# 創建一個容器，限制寫的bps為30M

docker run -it --device-write-bps /dev/sda:30MB ubuntu

Docker基礎二（鏡像管理）

1、鏡像命名

一個完整的鏡像命名：

[Docker Registry地址/][項目目錄/]<名稱>:[標簽]

示例：

mysql:5.6

ubuntu

hub.docker.com/library/centos:6.6

2、獲取鏡像

root@Userver01:~# docker pull ubuntu:16.04

16.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu

7b8b6451c85f: Already exists

ab4d1096d9ba: Already exists

e6797d1788ac: Already exists

e25c5c290bde: Already exists

Digest: sha256:e547ecaba7d078800c358082088e6cc710c3affd1b975601792ec701c80cdd39

Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:16.04

3、查看鏡像信息

root@Userver01:~# docker image ls

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

ubuntu 16.04 a51debf7e1eb 7 days ago 116MB

nginx 1.15 e81eb098537d 10 days ago 109MB

httpd latest 2a51bb06dc8b 11 days ago 132MB

centos 6.6 4e1ad2ce7f78 6 weeks ago 203MB

root@Userver01:~# docker inspect a51

[

{

"Id": "sha256:a51debf7e1eb2018400cef1e4b01f2e9f591f6c739de7b5d6c142f954f3715a7",

"RepoTags": [

"ubuntu:16.04"

"RepoDigests": [

"ubuntu@sha256:e547ecaba7d078800c358082088e6cc710c3affd1b975601792ec701c80cdd39"

"Parent": "",

"Comment": "",

"Created": "2018-11-19T21:23:53.455319926Z",

"Container": "f4879d05f303ba132b6cc82988306e44819b9d0872dc891d864374d3a9b51b08",

"ContainerConfig": {

"Hostname": "f4879d05f303",

"Domainname": "",

"User": "",

"AttachStdin": false,

"AttachStdout": false,

"AttachStderr": false,

"Tty": false,

"OpenStdin": false,

"StdinOnce": false,

"Env": [

"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"

"Cmd": [

"/bin/sh",

"-c",

"#(nop) ",

"CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"

"ArgsEscaped": true,

"Image": "sha256:d6ab6854552cda39995558786e1690e20092af93f8145294473ac62fd76c9b1b",

"Volumes": null,

"WorkingDir": "",

"Entrypoint": null,

"OnBuild": null,

"Labels": {}

"DockerVersion": "17.06.2-ce",

"Author": "",

"Config": {

"Hostname": "",

"Domainname": "",

"User": "",

"AttachStdin": false,

"AttachStdout": false,

"AttachStderr": false,

"Tty": false,

"OpenStdin": false,

"StdinOnce": false,

"Env": [

"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"

"Cmd": [

"/bin/bash"

"ArgsEscaped": true,

"Image": "sha256:d6ab6854552cda39995558786e1690e20092af93f8145294473ac62fd76c9b1b",

"Volumes": null,

"WorkingDir": "",

"Entrypoint": null,

"OnBuild": null,

"Labels": null

"Architecture": "amd64",

"Os": "linux",

"Size": 116379573,

"VirtualSize": 116379573,

"GraphDriver": {

"Data": {

"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d24cfbca95c7fb4a2653aed1fef5e854164d5e452ec1ca1f08d256a841ec9cbe/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bc9dd6a582662525ae316dca49703acbcc8087c0549354c622cd0c4eb7095de/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/402ffcd593a76628eb8f3b6dd843b195396729227e55c51c896089ca668770ef/diff",

"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f5f819b34a36a3cd93e84d2a12a86a3e61f5663a7401ae73cd308211cc3329f/merged",

"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f5f819b34a36a3cd93e84d2a12a86a3e61f5663a7401ae73cd308211cc3329f/diff",

"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f5f819b34a36a3cd93e84d2a12a86a3e61f5663a7401ae73cd308211cc3329f/work"

"Name": "overlay2"

"RootFS": {

"Type": "layers",

"Layers": [

"sha256:41c002c8a6fd36397892dc6dc36813aaa1be3298be4de93e4fe1f40b9c358d99",

"sha256:647265b9d8bc572a858ab25a300c07c0567c9124390fd91935430bf947ee5c2a",

"sha256:819a824caf709f224c414a56a2fa0240ea15797ee180e73abe4ad63d3806cae5",

"sha256:3db5746c911ad8c3398a6b72aa30580b25b6edb130a148beed4d405d9c345a29"

]

"Metadata": {

"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"

}

]

4、為鏡像創建tag

root@Userver01:~# docker tag ubuntu:16.04 dl.dockerpool.com/library/ubuntu:16.04v1

root@Userver01:~# docker image ls

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

dl.dockerpool.com/library/ubuntu 16.04v1 a51debf7e1eb 7 days ago 116MB

ubuntu 16.04 a51debf7e1eb 7 days ago 116MB

nginx 1.15 e81eb098537d 10 days ago 109MB

httpd latest 2a51bb06dc8b 11 days ago 132MB

centos 6.6 4e1ad2ce7f78 6 weeks ago 203MB

5、搜索鏡像

root@Userver01:~# docker search mysql

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 7407 [OK]

mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 2376 [OK]

mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 552 [OK]

zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql Zabbix Server with MySQL database support 145 [OK]

hypriot/rpi-mysql RPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql 102

zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server wi… 77 [OK]

centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 59 [OK]

1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 47 [OK]

6、刪除鏡像（注：如果鏡像有容器生成，需要先刪除容器）

#如果一個鏡像有多個tag，只會刪除指定的tag，鏡像本身不會刪除，如果docker rmi后指定鏡像ID，則所有tag都會被刪除

root@Userver01:~# docker rmi dl.dockerpool.com/library/ubuntu:16.04v1

Untagged: dl.dockerpool.com/library/ubuntu:16.04v1

root@Userver01:~# docker image ls

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

ubuntu 16.04 a51debf7e1eb 7 days ago 116MB

nginx 1.15 e81eb098537d 10 days ago 109MB

httpd latest 2a51bb06dc8b 11 days ago 132MB

centos 6.6 4e1ad2ce7f78 6 weeks ago 203MB

root@Userver01:~# docker rmi ubuntu:16.04

Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "ubuntu:16.04" (must force) - container 4683e7b221b7 is using its referenced image a51debf7e1eb

root@Userver01:~# docker rmi ubuntu:16.04 -f

Untagged: ubuntu:16.04

Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:e547ecaba7d078800c358082088e6cc710c3affd1b975601792ec701c80cdd39

Deleted: sha256:a51debf7e1eb2018400cef1e4b01f2e9f591f6c739de7b5d6c142f954f3715a7

root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

a5a204b817cc a51debf7e1eb "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago gifted_tereshkova

4683e7b221b7 a51debf7e1eb "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago pedantic_swirles

b911f2812e51 httpd "httpd-foreground" About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp modest_vaughan

root@Userver01:~# docker image ls

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

nginx 1.15 e81eb098537d 10 days ago 109MB

httpd latest 2a51bb06dc8b 11 days ago 132MB

centos 6.6 4e1ad2ce7f78 6 weeks ago 203MB

# 刪除無標簽鏡像（即為none）

root@Userver01:~# docker rmi $(docker images -q --filter "dangling=true")

7、導出和載入鏡像

root@Userver01:~# docker save -o ubuntu_16.04.tar ubuntu:16.04

root@Userver01:~# docker rmi ubuntu:16.04 -f

Untagged: ubuntu:16.04

Deleted: sha256:a51debf7e1eb2018400cef1e4b01f2e9f591f6c739de7b5d6c142f954f3715a7

root@Userver01:~# docker load --input ubuntu_16.04.tar

Loaded image: ubuntu:16.04

8、通過docker commit提交一個新鏡像

docker commit -m "change httpd.conf file" -a "john" b911f2812e51 test #使用b911f2812e51容器生成一個名為test的鏡像

-a：指定作者

-m：相關說明信息

-p：提交時暫停容器運行

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Docker 基礎

Docker基礎一(基本配置)

Docker基礎二（容器管理）

Docker基礎二（鏡像管理）

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Docker 基礎

Docker基礎一(基本配置)

Docker基礎二（容器管理）

Docker基礎二（鏡像管理）

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