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這篇文章主要介紹Mybatis插件擴展及與Spring整合原理的案例分析,文中介紹的非常詳細,具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完!
前言
前面幾篇文章分析了Mybatis的核心原理,但模塊較多,沒有一一分析,更多的需要讀者自己下來研究。不過Mybatis的插件擴展機制還是非常重要的,像PageHelper就是一個擴展插件,熟悉其擴展原理,才能更好的針對我們的業務作出更合適的擴展。另外,現在Mybatis都是和Spring/SpringBoot一起使用,那么Mybatis又是如何與它們進行整合的呢?一切答案盡在本文之中。
正文
插件擴展
1. Interceptor核心實現原理
熟悉Mybatis配置的都知道,在xml配置中我們可以配置如下節點:
<plugins> <plugin interceptor="org.apache.ibatis.builder.ExamplePlugin"> <property name="pluginProperty" value="100"/> </plugin> </plugins>
這個就是插件的配置,那么自然而然的這個節點就會在解析xml的時候進行解析,并將其添加到Configuration中。細心的讀者應該還記得下面這段代碼,在XMLConfigBuilderl類中:
private void parseConfiguration(XNode root) { try { //issue #117 read properties first //解析<properties>節點 propertiesElement(root.evalNode("properties")); //解析<settings>節點 Properties settings = settingsAsProperties(root.evalNode("settings")); loadCustomVfs(settings); //解析<typeAliases>節點 typeAliasesElement(root.evalNode("typeAliases")); //解析<plugins>節點 pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins")); //解析<objectFactory>節點 objectFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectFactory")); //解析<objectWrapperFactory>節點 objectWrapperFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectWrapperFactory")); //解析<reflectorFactory>節點 reflectorFactoryElement(root.evalNode("reflectorFactory")); settingsElement(settings);//將settings填充到configuration // read it after objectFactory and objectWrapperFactory issue #631 //解析<environments>節點 environmentsElement(root.evalNode("environments")); //解析<databaseIdProvider>節點 databaseIdProviderElement(root.evalNode("databaseIdProvider")); //解析<typeHandlers>節點 typeHandlerElement(root.evalNode("typeHandlers")); //解析<mappers>節點 mapperElement(root.evalNode("mappers")); } catch (Exception e) { throw new BuilderException("Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: " + e, e); } }
其中pluginElement就是解析插件節點的:
private void pluginElement(XNode parent) throws Exception { if (parent != null) { //遍歷所有的插件配置 for (XNode child : parent.getChildren()) { //獲取插件的類名 String interceptor = child.getStringAttribute("interceptor"); //獲取插件的配置 Properties properties = child.getChildrenAsProperties(); //實例化插件對象 Interceptor interceptorInstance = (Interceptor) resolveClass(interceptor).newInstance(); //設置插件屬性 interceptorInstance.setProperties(properties); //將插件添加到configuration對象,底層使用list保存所有的插件并記錄順序 configuration.addInterceptor(interceptorInstance); } } }
從上面可以看到,就是根據配置實例化為Interceptor對象,并添加到InterceptorChain中,該類的對象被Configuration持有。Interceptor包含三個方法:
//執行攔截邏輯的方法 Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable; //target是被攔截的對象,它的作用就是給被攔截的對象生成一個代理對象 Object plugin(Object target); //讀取在plugin中設置的參數 void setProperties(Properties properties);
而InterceptorChain只是保存了所有的Interceptor,并提供方法給客戶端調用,使得所有的Interceptor生成代理對象:
public class InterceptorChain { private final List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>(); public Object pluginAll(Object target) { for (Interceptor interceptor : interceptors) { target = interceptor.plugin(target); } return target; } public void addInterceptor(Interceptor interceptor) { interceptors.add(interceptor); } public List<Interceptor> getInterceptors() { return Collections.unmodifiableList(interceptors); } }
可以看到pluginAll就是循環去調用了Interceptor的plugin方法,而該方法的實現一般是通過Plugin.wrap去生成代理對象:
public static Object wrap(Object target, Interceptor interceptor) { //解析Interceptor上@Intercepts注解得到的signature信息 Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap = getSignatureMap(interceptor); Class<?> type = target.getClass();//獲取目標對象的類型 Class<?>[] interfaces = getAllInterfaces(type, signatureMap);//獲取目標對象實現的接口 if (interfaces.length > 0) { //使用jdk的方式創建動態代理 return Proxy.newProxyInstance( type.getClassLoader(), interfaces, new Plugin(target, interceptor, signatureMap)); } return target; }
其中getSignatureMap就是將@Intercepts注解中的value值解析并緩存起來,該注解的值是@Signature類型的數組,而這個注解可以定義class類型、方法、參數,即攔截器的定位。而getAllInterfaces就是獲取要被代理的接口,然后通過JDK動態代理創建代理對象,可以看到InvocationHandler就是Plugin類,所以直接看invoke方法,最終就是調用interceptor.intercept方法:
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { try { //獲取當前接口可以被攔截的方法 Set<Method> methods = signatureMap.get(method.getDeclaringClass()); if (methods != null && methods.contains(method)) {//如果當前方法需要被攔截,則調用interceptor.intercept方法進行攔截處理 return interceptor.intercept(new Invocation(target, method, args)); } //如果當前方法不需要被攔截,則調用對象自身的方法 return method.invoke(target, args); } catch (Exception e) { throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(e); } }
這里的插件實現思路是通用的,即這個interceptor我們可以用來擴展任何對象的任何方法,比如對Map的get進行攔截,可像下面這樣實現:
@Intercepts({ @Signature(type = Map.class, method = "get", args = {Object.class})}) public static class AlwaysMapPlugin implements Interceptor { @Override public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable { return "Always"; } @Override public Object plugin(Object target) { return Plugin.wrap(target, this); } @Override public void setProperties(Properties properties) { } }
然后在使用Map時先用插件對其包裝,這樣拿到的就是Map的代理對象。
Map map = new HashMap(); map = (Map) new AlwaysMapPlugin().plugin(map);
2. Mybatis的攔截增強
因為我們可以對Mybatis擴展任意多個的插件,所以它使用InterceptorChain對象來保存所有的插件,這是責任鏈模式的實現。那么Mybatis到底會攔截哪些對象和哪些方法呢?回憶上篇文章我們就可以發現Mybatis只會對以下4個對象進行攔截:
Executor:
public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) { ......省略 //通過interceptorChain遍歷所有的插件為executor增強,添加插件的功能 executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor); return executor; }
StatementHandler
public StatementHandler newStatementHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) { //創建RoutingStatementHandler對象,實際由statmentType來指定真實的StatementHandler來實現 StatementHandler statementHandler = new RoutingStatementHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql); statementHandler = (StatementHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(statementHandler); return statementHandler; }
ParameterHandler
public ParameterHandler newParameterHandler(MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, BoundSql boundSql) { ParameterHandler parameterHandler = mappedStatement.getLang().createParameterHandler(mappedStatement, parameterObject, boundSql); parameterHandler = (ParameterHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(parameterHandler); return parameterHandler; }
ResultSetHandler
public ResultSetHandler newResultSetHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, RowBounds rowBounds, ParameterHandler parameterHandler, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) { ResultSetHandler resultSetHandler = new DefaultResultSetHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterHandler, resultHandler, boundSql, rowBounds); resultSetHandler = (ResultSetHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(resultSetHandler); return resultSetHandler; }
而具體要攔截哪些對象和哪些方法則是由@Intercepts和@Signature指定的。
以上就是Mybatis擴展插件的實現機制,讀者可據此自行分析下PageHelper的實現原理。另外需要注意,我們在進行自定義插件開發時,尤其要謹慎。因為直接關系到操作數據庫,如果對插件的實現原理不透徹,很有可能引發難以估量的后果。
Mybatis與Spring整合原理
前面的示例都是單獨使用Mybatis,可以看到需要創建SqlSessionFactory和SqlSession對象,然后通過SqlSession去創建Mapper接口的代理對象,所以在與Spring整合時,顯而易見的,我們就需要考慮以下幾點:
那么如何實現以上幾點呢?下文基于mybatis-spring-1.3.3版本分析。
1. SqlSessionFactory的創建
熟悉Spring源碼的(如果不熟悉,可以閱讀我之前的Spring系列源碼)都知道Spring最重要的那些擴展點:
其它還有很多,以上列舉出來的就是Mybatis集成Spring所用到的擴展點。首先我們需要實例化SqlSessionFactory,而實例化該對象在Mybatis里實際上就是去解析一大堆配置并封裝到該對象中,所以我們不能簡單的使用<bean>標簽來配置,為此Mybatis實現了一個類SqlSessionFactoryBean(這個類我們在以前使用整合包時都會配置),之前XML中的配置都以屬性的方式放入到了該類中:
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.enjoylearning.mybatis.entity" /> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:sqlmapper/*.xml" /> </bean>
進入這個類,我們可以看到它實現了InitializingBean和FactoryBean接口,實現第一個接口的作用就是在該類實例化后立即去執行配置解析的階段:
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { notNull(dataSource, "Property 'dataSource' is required"); notNull(sqlSessionFactoryBuilder, "Property 'sqlSessionFactoryBuilder' is required"); state((configuration == null && configLocation == null) || !(configuration != null && configLocation != null), "Property 'configuration' and 'configLocation' can not specified with together"); this.sqlSessionFactory = buildSqlSessionFactory(); }
具體的解析就在buildSqlSessionFactory方法中,這個方法比較長,但不復雜,這里就不貼代碼了。而實現第二接口的作用就在于Spring獲取該類實例時實際上會通過getObject方法返回SqlSessionFactory的實例,通過這兩個接口就完成了SqlSessionFactory的實例化。
2. 掃描Mapper并創建代理對象
在整合之后我們除了要配置SqlSessionFactoryBean外,還要配置一個類:
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="com.enjoylearning.mybatis.mapper" /> </bean>
這個類的作用就是用來掃描Mapper接口的,并且這個類實現了BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor和InitializingBean,這里實現第二個接口的作用主要是校驗有沒有配置待掃描包的路徑:
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { notNull(this.basePackage, "Property 'basePackage' is required"); }
主要看到postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法:
public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { if (this.processPropertyPlaceHolders) { processPropertyPlaceHolders(); } ClassPathMapperScanner scanner = new ClassPathMapperScanner(registry); scanner.setAddToConfig(this.addToConfig); scanner.setAnnotationClass(this.annotationClass); scanner.setMarkerInterface(this.markerInterface); scanner.setSqlSessionFactory(this.sqlSessionFactory); scanner.setSqlSessionTemplate(this.sqlSessionTemplate); scanner.setSqlSessionFactoryBeanName(this.sqlSessionFactoryBeanName); scanner.setSqlSessionTemplateBeanName(this.sqlSessionTemplateBeanName); scanner.setResourceLoader(this.applicationContext); scanner.setBeanNameGenerator(this.nameGenerator); scanner.registerFilters(); scanner.scan(StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(this.basePackage, ConfigurableApplicationContext.CONFIG_LOCATION_DELIMITERS)); }
這里創建了一個掃描類,而這個掃描類是繼承自Spring的ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner,也就是會將掃描到的類封裝為BeanDefinition注冊到IOC容器中去:
public int scan(String... basePackages) { int beanCountAtScanStart = this.registry.getBeanDefinitionCount(); doScan(basePackages); // Register annotation config processors, if necessary. if (this.includeAnnotationConfig) { AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(this.registry); } return (this.registry.getBeanDefinitionCount() - beanCountAtScanStart); } public Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> doScan(String... basePackages) { Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = super.doScan(basePackages); if (beanDefinitions.isEmpty()) { logger.warn("No MyBatis mapper was found in '" + Arrays.toString(basePackages) + "' package. Please check your configuration."); } else { processBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitions); } return beanDefinitions; } private void processBeanDefinitions(Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions) { GenericBeanDefinition definition; for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : beanDefinitions) { definition = (GenericBeanDefinition) holder.getBeanDefinition(); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Creating MapperFactoryBean with name '" + holder.getBeanName() + "' and '" + definition.getBeanClassName() + "' mapperInterface"); } // the mapper interface is the original class of the bean // but, the actual class of the bean is MapperFactoryBean definition.getConstructorArgumentValues().addGenericArgumentValue(definition.getBeanClassName()); // issue #59 definition.setBeanClass(this.mapperFactoryBean.getClass()); definition.getPropertyValues().add("addToConfig", this.addToConfig); boolean explicitFactoryUsed = false; if (StringUtils.hasText(this.sqlSessionFactoryBeanName)) { definition.getPropertyValues().add("sqlSessionFactory", new RuntimeBeanReference(this.sqlSessionFactoryBeanName)); explicitFactoryUsed = true; } else if (this.sqlSessionFactory != null) { definition.getPropertyValues().add("sqlSessionFactory", this.sqlSessionFactory); explicitFactoryUsed = true; } if (StringUtils.hasText(this.sqlSessionTemplateBeanName)) { if (explicitFactoryUsed) { logger.warn("Cannot use both: sqlSessionTemplate and sqlSessionFactory together. sqlSessionFactory is ignored."); } definition.getPropertyValues().add("sqlSessionTemplate", new RuntimeBeanReference(this.sqlSessionTemplateBeanName)); explicitFactoryUsed = true; } else if (this.sqlSessionTemplate != null) { if (explicitFactoryUsed) { logger.warn("Cannot use both: sqlSessionTemplate and sqlSessionFactory together. sqlSessionFactory is ignored."); } definition.getPropertyValues().add("sqlSessionTemplate", this.sqlSessionTemplate); explicitFactoryUsed = true; } if (!explicitFactoryUsed) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Enabling autowire by type for MapperFactoryBean with name '" + holder.getBeanName() + "'."); } definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE); } } }
你可能會好奇,在哪里生成的代理對象?只是將Mapper接口注入到IOC有什么用呢?其實關鍵代碼就在definition.setBeanClass(this.mapperFactoryBean.getClass()),這句代碼的作用就是將每一個Mapper接口都轉為MapperFactoryBean類型。
為什么要這么轉呢?進入這個類你會發現它也是實現了FactoryBean接口的,所以自然而然的又是利用它來創建代理實現類對象:
public T getObject() throws Exception { return getSqlSession().getMapper(this.mapperInterface); }
3. 如何整合Spring事務
Mybatis作為一個ORM框架,它是有自己的數據源和事務控制的,而Spring同樣也會配置這兩個,那么怎么將它們整合到一起呢?而不是在Service類調用Mapper接口時就切換了數據源和連接,那樣肯定是不行的。
在使用Mybatis時,我們可以在xml中配置TransactionFactory事務工廠類,不過一般都會使用默認的JdbcTransactionFactory,而當與Spring整合后,默認的事務工廠類改為了SpringManagedTransactionFactory。回到SqlSessionFactoryBean讀取配置的方法,在該方法中有下面這樣一段代碼:
if (this.transactionFactory == null) { this.transactionFactory = new SpringManagedTransactionFactory(); } configuration.setEnvironment(new Environment(this.environment, this.transactionFactory, this.dataSource));
上面默認創建了SpringManagedTransactionFactory,同時還將我們xml中ref屬性引用的dataSource添加到了Configuration中,這個工廠會創建下面這個事務控制對象:
public Transaction newTransaction(DataSource dataSource, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) { return new SpringManagedTransaction(dataSource); }
而這個方法是在DefaultSqlSessionFactory獲取SqlSession時會調用:
private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) { Transaction tx = null; try { final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment(); final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment); tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit); final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType); return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit); } catch (Exception e) { closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close() throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session. Cause: " + e, e); } finally { ErrorContext.instance().reset(); } }
這就保證使用的是同一個數據源對象,但是怎么保證拿到的是同一個連接和事務呢?關鍵就在于SpringManagedTransaction獲取連接是怎么實現的:
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { if (this.connection == null) { openConnection(); } return this.connection; } private void openConnection() throws SQLException { this.connection = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(this.dataSource); this.autoCommit = this.connection.getAutoCommit(); this.isConnectionTransactional = DataSourceUtils.isConnectionTransactional(this.connection, this.dataSource); if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) { LOGGER.debug( "JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "] will" + (this.isConnectionTransactional ? " " : " not ") + "be managed by Spring"); } }
這里委托給了DataSourceUtils獲取連接:
public static Connection getConnection(DataSource dataSource) throws CannotGetJdbcConnectionException { try { return doGetConnection(dataSource); } catch (SQLException ex) { throw new CannotGetJdbcConnectionException("Could not get JDBC Connection", ex); } } public static Connection doGetConnection(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException { Assert.notNull(dataSource, "No DataSource specified"); ConnectionHolder conHolder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(dataSource); if (conHolder != null && (conHolder.hasConnection() || conHolder.isSynchronizedWithTransaction())) { conHolder.requested(); if (!conHolder.hasConnection()) { logger.debug("Fetching resumed JDBC Connection from DataSource"); conHolder.setConnection(dataSource.getConnection()); } return conHolder.getConnection(); } // Else we either got no holder or an empty thread-bound holder here. logger.debug("Fetching JDBC Connection from DataSource"); Connection con = dataSource.getConnection(); if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) { logger.debug("Registering transaction synchronization for JDBC Connection"); // Use same Connection for further JDBC actions within the transaction. // Thread-bound object will get removed by synchronization at transaction completion. ConnectionHolder holderToUse = conHolder; if (holderToUse == null) { holderToUse = new ConnectionHolder(con); } else { holderToUse.setConnection(con); } holderToUse.requested(); TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization( new ConnectionSynchronization(holderToUse, dataSource)); holderToUse.setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true); if (holderToUse != conHolder) { TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(dataSource, holderToUse); } } return con; }
看到ConnectionHolder conHolder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(dataSource)這段代碼相信熟悉Spring源碼的已經知道了,這個我在分析Spring事務源碼時也講過,通過DataSource對象拿到當前線程綁定的ConnectionHolder,這個對象是在Spring開啟事務的時候存進去的。至此,關于Spring和Mybatis的整合原理我們就個搞清楚了,至于和SpringBoot的整合,讀者可自行分析。最后,我再分享一個小擴展知識。
4. FactoryBean的擴展知識
很多讀者可能不知道這個接口有什么作用,其實很簡單,當我們有某個類由Spring實例化比較復雜,想要自己控制它的實例化時,就可以實現該接口。而實現該接口的類首先會被實例化并放入一級緩存,而當我們依賴注入我們真正想要的類時(如Mapper接口的代理類),就會從一級緩存中拿到FactoryBean實現類的實例,并判斷是否實現了FactoryBean接口,如果是就會調用getObject方法返回我們真正想要的實例。
那如果我們確實想要拿到的就是FactoryBean實現類的實例該怎么辦呢?只需要在傳入的beanName前面加上“&”符號即可。
以上是Mybatis插件擴展及與Spring整合原理的案例分析的所有內容,感謝各位的閱讀!希望分享的內容對大家有幫助,更多相關知識,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道!
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