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SpringBoot配置嵌入式Servlet容器和外置Servlet容器的使用方法

發布時間:2020-07-10 10:37:10 來源:億速云 閱讀:331 作者:清晨 欄目:開發技術

小編給大家分享一下SpringBoot配置嵌入式Servlet容器和外置Servlet容器的使用方法,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大所收獲,下面讓我們一起去探討吧!

配置嵌入式Servlet容器

SpringBoot默認使用Tomcat作為嵌入式的Servlet容器;

SpringBoot配置嵌入式Servlet容器和外置Servlet容器的使用方法

問題?

1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相關配置;

1、修改和server有關的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

//通用的Servlet容器設置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的設置
server.tomcat.xxx

2、編寫一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;來修改Servlet容器的配置(1.x)

在Spring Boot2.0以上配置嵌入式Servlet容器時EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer類不存在,被WebServerFactoryCustomizer替代。

1.x

@Bean //一定要將這個定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
 return new WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableWebServerFactory> {

 //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相關的規則
 @Override
 public void customize(ConfigurableWebServerFactory factory) {
  container.setPort(8083);
 }
 };
}

2.x

@Bean //一定要將這個定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
 return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
 
 //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相關的規則
 @Override
 public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
  container.setPort(8083);
 }
 };
}

2)、注冊Servlet三大組件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】

由于SpringBoot默認是以jar包的方式啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器來啟動SpringBoot的web應用,沒有web.xml文件。

注冊三大組件用以下方式

ServletRegistrationBean

//注冊三大組件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
 ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
 return registrationBean;
}

FilterRegistrationBean

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
 FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
 registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
 registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
 return registrationBean;
}

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
 ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
 return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot幫我們自動SpringMVC的時候,自動的注冊SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
 DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
 ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
  dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
 //默認攔截: / 所有請求;包靜態資源,但是不攔截jsp請求; /*會攔截jsp
 //可以通過server.servletPath來修改SpringMVC前端控制器默認攔截的請求路徑
 
 registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
 registration.setLoadOnStartup(
  this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
 if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
 registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
 }
 return registration;
}

2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;

3)、替換為其他嵌入式Servlet容器

SpringBoot配置嵌入式Servlet容器和外置Servlet容器的使用方法

默認支持:

Tomcat(默認使用)

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
 引入web模塊默認就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作為Servlet容器;
</dependency>

Jetty

<!-- 引入web模塊 -->
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
 <exclusions>
 <exclusion>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 </exclusion>
 </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!-- 引入web模塊 -->
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
 <exclusions>
 <exclusion>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 </exclusion>
 </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自動配置原理;

SpringBoot2.X原理略有不同

由EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration(嵌入式web服務工廠定制器自動配置類)而不是EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration(嵌入式的Servlet容器自動配置),根據導入的依賴信息,該配置類會自動創建相應類型的容器工廠定制器(目前Spring Boot 2.x 版本支持tomcat、jetty、undertow、netty),以tomcat為例,這里會創建TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer組件:

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
//指定類ServerProperties(Servlet容器相關的配置類)中的ConfigurationProperties功能,將配置文件中對應的屬性值與配置類中的屬性值進行映射,并將該配置類添加到IOC容器中
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
public class EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration {

	/**
	 * Nested configuration if Tomcat is being used.
	 */
 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
 //導入的Servlet依賴為Tomcat,則創建Tomcat web服務工廠定制器
 @ConditionalOnClass({ Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class })
 public static class TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizerConfiguration {

 @Bean
 public TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer tomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer(Environment 				environment,ServerProperties serverProperties) {
  return new TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer(environment, serverProperties);
 }
 }
 ...
}

1.X中通過EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自動配置類創建組件

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//導入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;給容器中導入一些組件
//導入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置處理器:bean初始化前后(創建完對象,還沒賦值賦值)執行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
 
 @Configuration
	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判斷當前是否引入了Tomcat依賴;
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判斷當前容器沒有用戶自己定義EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠;作用:創建嵌入式的Servlet容器
	public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

		@Bean
		public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
			return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
		}

	}
 
 /**
	 * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
	 */
	@Configuration
	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
			WebAppContext.class })
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
	public static class EmbeddedJetty {

		@Bean
		public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
			return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
		}

	}

	/**
	 * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
	 */
	@Configuration
	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
	public static class EmbeddedUndertow {

		@Bean
		public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
			return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
		}
	}

1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工廠)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {

 //獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器
 EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
  ServletContextInitializer... initializers);

}

SpringBoot配置嵌入式Servlet容器和外置Servlet容器的使用方法

2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

SpringBoot配置嵌入式Servlet容器和外置Servlet容器的使用方法

3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory為例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
 ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
 //創建一個Tomcat
 Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
 
 //配置Tomcat的基本環節
 File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null &#63; this.baseDirectory
  : createTempDir("tomcat"));
 tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
 Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
 tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
 customizeConnector(connector);
 tomcat.setConnector(connector);
 tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
 configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
 for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
 tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
 }
 prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
 
 //將配置好的Tomcat傳入進去,返回一個EmbeddedServletContainer;并且啟動Tomcat服務器
 return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4)、我們對嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器幫我們修改了Servlet容器的配置?

怎么修改的原理?

5)、容器中導入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
 throws BeansException {
 //如果當前初始化的是一個ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer類型的組件
 if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
 //
 postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
 }
 return bean;
}

private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
			ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
 //獲取所有的定制器,調用每一個定制器的customize方法來給Servlet容器進行屬性賦值;
 for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
 customizer.customize(bean);
 }
}

private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
 if (this.customizers == null) {
 // Look up does not include the parent context
 this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
  this.beanFactory
  //從容器中獲取所有這葛類型的組件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
  //定制Servlet容器,給容器中可以添加一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer類型的組件
  .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
    false, false)
  .values());
 Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
 this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
 }
 return this.customizers;
}

ServerProperties也是定制器

步驟:

1)、SpringBoot根據導入的依賴情況,給容器中添加相應的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】

2)、容器中某個組件要創建對象就會驚動后置處理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;

只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠,后置處理器就工作;

3)、后置處理器,從容器中獲取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,調用定制器的定制方法

5)、嵌入式Servlet容器啟動原理;

什么時候創建嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠?什么時候獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器并啟動Tomcat;

獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:

1)、SpringBoot應用啟動運行run方法

2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【創建IOC容器對象,并初始化容器,創建容器中的每一個組件】;如果是web應用創建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否則:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

3)、refresh(context);刷新剛才創建好的ioc容器;

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
 synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
 // Prepare this context for refreshing.
 prepareRefresh();

 // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
 ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

 // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
 prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

 try {
  // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
  postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

  // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
  invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

  // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
  registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

  // Initialize message source for this context.
  initMessageSource();

  // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
  initApplicationEventMulticaster();

  // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
  onRefresh();

  // Check for listener beans and register them.
  registerListeners();

  // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
  finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

  // Last step: publish corresponding event.
  finishRefresh();
 }

 catch (BeansException ex) {
  if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
  logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
   "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
  }

  // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
  destroyBeans();

  // Reset 'active' flag.
  cancelRefresh(ex);

  // Propagate exception to caller.
  throw ex;
 }

 finally {
  // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
  // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
  resetCommonCaches();
 }
 }
}

4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重寫了onRefresh方法

5)、webioc容器會創建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();

6)、獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

&#8203;從ioc容器中獲取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 組件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory創建對象,后置處理器一看是這個對象,就獲取所有的定制器來先定制Servlet容器的相關配置;

7)、使用容器工廠獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器創建對象并啟動Servlet容器;

先啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器,再將ioc容器中剩下沒有創建出的對象獲取出來;

IOC容器啟動創建嵌入式的Servlet容器

使用外置的Servlet容器

嵌入式Servlet容器:應用打成可執行的jar

&#8203;優點:簡單、便攜;

&#8203;缺點:默認不支持JSP、優化定制比較復雜(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定義EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己編寫嵌入式Servlet容器的創建工廠【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);

外置的Servlet容器:外面安裝Tomcat---應用war包的方式打包;

步驟

1)、必須創建一個war項目;(利用idea創建好目錄結構)

2)、將嵌入式的Tomcat指定為provided;

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
 <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3)、必須編寫一個SpringBootServletInitializer的子類,并調用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

 @Override
 protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
 //傳入SpringBoot應用的主程序
 return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
 }

}

4)、啟動服務器就可以使用;

原理

jar包:執行SpringBoot主類的main方法,啟動ioc容器,創建嵌入式的Servlet容器;

war包:啟動服務器,服務器啟動SpringBoot應用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,啟動ioc容器;

servlet3.0(Spring注解版):

8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:

規則:

&#8203;1)、服務器啟動(web應用啟動)會創建當前web應用里面每一個jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer實例:

&#8203;2)、ServletContainerInitializer的實現放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夾下,有一個名為javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,內容就是ServletContainerInitializer的實現類的全類名

&#8203;3)、還可以使用@HandlesTypes,在應用啟動的時候加載我們感興趣的類;

流程:

1)、啟動Tomcat

2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

Spring的web模塊里面有這個文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer將@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)標注的所有這個類型的類都傳入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<&#63;>>;為這些WebApplicationInitializer類型的類創建實例;

4)、每一個WebApplicationInitializer都調用自己的onStartup;

SpringBoot配置嵌入式Servlet容器和外置Servlet容器的使用方法

5)、相當于我們的SpringBootServletInitializer的類會被創建對象,并執行onStartup方法

6)、SpringBootServletInitializer實例執行onStartup的時候會createRootApplicationContext;創建容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
 ServletContext servletContext) {
 //1、創建SpringApplicationBuilder
 SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
 StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
 environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
 builder.environment(environment);
 builder.main(getClass());
 ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
 if (parent != null) {
 this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
 servletContext.setAttribute(
  WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
 builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
 }
 builder.initializers(
  new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
 builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
 
 //調用configure方法,子類重寫了這個方法,將SpringBoot的主程序類傳入了進來
 builder = configure(builder);
 
 //使用builder創建一個Spring應用
 SpringApplication application = builder.build();
 if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
  .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
 application.getSources().add(getClass());
 }
 Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
  "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
  + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
 // Ensure error pages are registered
 if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
 application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
 }
 //啟動Spring應用
 return run(application);
}

7)、Spring的應用就啟動并且創建IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
 StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
 stopWatch.start();
 ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
 FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
 configureHeadlessProperty();
 SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
 listeners.starting();
 try {
 ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
  args);
 ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
  applicationArguments);
 Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
 context = createApplicationContext();
 analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
 prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
  printedBanner);
 
 //刷新IOC容器
 refreshContext(context);
 afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
 listeners.finished(context, null);
 stopWatch.stop();
 if (this.logStartupInfo) {
  new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
  .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
 }
 return context;
 }
 catch (Throwable ex) {
 handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
 throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
 }
}

啟動Servlet容器,再啟動SpringBoot應用

看完了這篇文章,相信你對SpringBoot配置嵌入式Servlet容器和外置Servlet容器的使用方法有了一定的了解,想了解更多相關知識,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!

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