華為網絡——浮動路由與VRRP原理

內容要點

1、浮動路由
2、VRRP

注意事項

1、浮動路由默認是優先級是60，越小越優先，如果是第二條路由
優先級是比默認的要大，一般配置60以上

2、VRRP ：(公有協議)
在多個路由器之間運行，
可以虛擬出一個或者多個網關IP地址(虛擬路由器)；
從而實現內網不同網段之間的互通；

3、VRRP的工作過程：
●運行VRRP的“多個”路由器之間通過 VRRP 報文的交互，從而選擇
出一個最牛的路由器，作為 Master 路由器 ，以后就用來這個設備來轉發數據包；
●Master 路由器，僅僅只有一個；其他的路由器稱之為 backup 路由器；
●同時，Master 和 Backup 路由器，會產生一個虛擬的路由器，也就是一個

主：配虛擬IP地址、優先級（默認100、鏈路down減10）一般120、監聽上層口和下層口
備：配虛擬IP地址、優先級（默認100、鏈路down減10）一般115、不需要監聽上層口和下層口

拓撲結構

配置步驟

第一步:配置設備名為LSW1的三層交換機

<SW1>sys
[Huawei]sysname SW1
[SW1]vlan batch 10 20 100
[SW1]int g0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk 
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 100
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis this
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 100
#

[SW1]int vlanif10
[SW1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.10 24   
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
##創建虛擬IP
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
##設定優先級為120
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/1
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/2
##監聽自身的兩個接口狀態
[SW1-Vlanif10]dis this
#
interface Vlanif10
 ip address 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.0
 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
 vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
 vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
#

[SW1-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
[SW1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.10 24
[SW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1
[SW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 115
##配置優先級為115
[SW1]int vlanif 100
[SW1-Vlanif100]ip add 11.0.0.2 30
[SW1-Vlanif100]q
[SW1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 11.0.0.1
##配置默認路由

第二步:配置設備名為LSW2的三層交換機

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname SW2 
[SW2]vlan batch 10 20 100
[SW2]int g0/0/2
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 100
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int vlanif 10
[SW2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.20 24
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 115
[SW2-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
[SW2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.20 24
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 track interface g0/0/1
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 track interface g0/0/2
[SW2]int vlanif 100
[SW2-Vlanif100]ip add 12.0.0.2 30
[SW2-Vlanif100]q    
[SW2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.0.0.1

第三步:配置設備名R1的路由器

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 11.0.0.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.0.0.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loop 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]q
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 11.0.0.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 12.0.0.2 preference 70
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 12.0.0.2 
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 11.0.0.2 preference 70

第四步:配置設備名LSW3的二層交換機

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname sw3
[SW3]vlan batch 10 20 
[SW3]int e0/0/1
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access 
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]un sh
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access    
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]un sh
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk  
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk 
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh 

第五步:測試網絡互通性

PC1>ping 1.1.1.1 

Ping 1.1.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=93 ms
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=62 ms
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=63 ms

--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 47/62/93 ms

PC2>ping 1.1.1.1

Ping 1.1.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=109 ms
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=63 ms
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=62 ms
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=63 ms
From 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=47 ms

--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 47/68/109 ms

第六步:模擬線網主鏈路故障,另一條鏈路替代運行

[SW1]int g0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown