Redis群集的安裝部署

序言

所謂的集群，就是通過添加服務器的數量，提供相同的服務，從而讓服務器達到一個穩定、高效的狀態。單個redis存在不穩定性。當redis服務宕機了，就沒有可用的服務了。redis集群是為了強化redis的讀寫能力。redis集群中，每一個redis稱之為一個節點。redis集群中，有兩種類型的節點：主節點(master)、從節點(slave)。redis集群，是基于redis主從復制實現。

環境
用兩臺服務器模擬6臺服務器（添加網卡）

主服務器Redis1：
ens33: 192.168.52.150
ens36: 192.168.52.153
ens37: 192.168.52.154
從服務器Redis2：
ens33: 192.168.52.148
ens36: 192.168.52.155
ens37: 192.168.52.156

在兩臺服務器上都安裝Redis

[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make -y ##安裝環境組件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools
[root@localhost ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.100/tools /mnt/tools/ ##掛載
Password for root@//192.168.100.100/tools:
[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/tools/redis/
[root@localhost redis]# ls
redis-5.0.7.tar.gz
[root@localhost redis]# tar xf redis-5.0.7.tar.gz -C /opt/ ##解壓
[root@localhost redis]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# ls
redis-5.0.7 rh
[root@localhost opt]# cd redis-5.0.7/
[root@localhost redis-5.0.7]# make ##編譯
[root@localhost redis-5.0.7]# make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis/ install ##安裝
[root@localhost redis-5.0.7]# cd utils/
[root@localhost utils]# ./install_server.sh ##執行腳本進行配置
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server
Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379] ##默認端口
Selecting default: 6379
Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf] ##配置文件
Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.conf
Please select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log] ##日志文件
Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.log
Please select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379] ##數據文件
Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379
Please select the redis executable path [] /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server
##可執行文件路徑
Selected config:
Port : 6379
Config file : /etc/redis/6379.conf
Log file : /var/log/redis_6379.log
Data dir : /var/lib/redis/6379
Executable : /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server
Cli Executable : /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli
Is this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort.
Copied /tmp/6379.conf => /etc/init.d/redis_6379
Installing service...
Successfully added to chkconfig!
Successfully added to runlevels 345!
Starting Redis server...
Installation successful!
[root@localhost utils]# ln -s /usr/local/redis/bin/ /usr/local/bin/ ##便于系統識別
[root@localhost utils]# netstat -ntap | grep 6379
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 44510/redis-server

在兩臺服務器上修改配置文件

[root@localhost utils]# vim /etc/redis/6379.conf
#bind 127.0.0.1          ##注釋第70行的監聽127地址,已監聽所有地址
protected-mode no     ##去掉第89行注釋關閉安全保護
port 6379                   ##去掉第93行注釋,開啟端口6379
daemonize yes          ##去掉第137行注釋,以獨立進程啟動
cluster-enabled yes   ##去掉第833行注釋,開啟群集功能
cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf  ##去掉第841行注釋,群集名稱文件設置
cluster-node-timeout 15000             ##去掉第847行注釋,群集超時時間設置
appendonly yes                                ##去掉第700行注釋,開啟aof持久化
[root@localhost utils]# /etc/init.d/redis_6379 restart   ##重啟服務
Stopping ...
Redis stopped
Starting Redis server...
[root@localhost utils]# cd /var/lib/redis/6379/
[root@localhost 6379]# ls
appendonly.aof  dump.rdb  nodes-6379.conf   ##生成aof,rdb和節點文件

在主服務器上安裝rvm，Ruby控制群集軟件

[root@localhost utils]# gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
##導入key文件
gpg: 已創建目錄‘/root/.gnupg’
gpg: 新的配置文件‘/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf’已建立
gpg: 警告：在‘/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf’里的選項于此次運行期間未被使用
gpg: 鑰匙環‘/root/.gnupg/secring.gpg’已建立
gpg: 鑰匙環‘/root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg’已建立
gpg: 下載密鑰‘D39DC0E3’，從 hkp 服務器 keys.gnupg.net
gpg: /root/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg：建立了信任度數據庫
gpg: 密鑰 D39DC0E3：公鑰“Michal Papis (RVM signing) <mpapis@gmail.com>”已導入
gpg: 沒有找到任何絕對信任的密鑰
gpg: 合計被處理的數量：1
gpg:           已導入：1  (RSA: 1)
[root@localhost utils]# curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable ##安裝rvm
........................//省略過程
[root@localhost utils]# source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh  ##執行環境變量
[root@localhost utils]# rvm list known   ##列出ruby可以安裝的版本
[root@localhost utils]# rvm install 2.4.1  ##安裝2.4.1 版本
[root@localhost utils]# rvm use 2.4.1  ##使用rubyruby2.4.1 版本
Using /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.1
[root@localhost utils]# ruby -v   ##查看當前ruby2.4.1 版本
ruby 2.4.1p111 (2017-03-22 revision 58053) [x86_64-linux]
[root@localhost utils]# gem install redis  #再次安裝Redis
Fetching redis-4.1.3.gem
Successfully installed redis-4.1.3
Parsing documentation for redis-4.1.3
Installing ri documentation for redis-4.1.3
Done installing documentation for redis after 1 seconds
1 gem installed
[root@localhost utils]#

在主服務器上添加兩塊網卡

[root@localhost utils]#  service network restart   ##重啟網卡
[root@localhost utils]#  systemctl stop firewalld.service   ##關閉防火墻
[root@localhost utils]#  setenforce 0
[root@localhost utils]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
inet 192.168.52.150  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.52.255
inet6 fe80::5134:22f5:842b:5201  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:0d:f1:75  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
RX packets 91575  bytes 119014065 (113.5 MiB)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 28442  bytes 2443621 (2.3 MiB)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
inet 192.168.52.153  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.52.255
inet6 fe80::84f1:53d8:a97a:d450  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:0d:f1:89  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
RX packets 128  bytes 18873 (18.4 KiB)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 42  bytes 6253 (6.1 KiB)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
inet 192.168.52.154  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.52.255
inet6 fe80::74f5:2344:c59b:4fdb  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:0d:f1:7f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
RX packets 107  bytes 16849 (16.4 KiB)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 29  bytes 4601 (4.4 KiB)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

在從服務器上也添加兩塊網卡

[root@slave utils]# service network restart   ##重啟網卡
[root@slave utils]# systemctl stop firewalld.service   ##關閉防火墻
[root@slave utils]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost utils]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
inet 192.168.52.148  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.52.255
inet6 fe80::c776:9d00:618:88f2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:37:e9:25  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
RX packets 65481  bytes 86357533 (82.3 MiB)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 21069  bytes 1892475 (1.8 MiB)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
inet 192.168.52.155  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.52.255
inet6 fe80::d3e5:cd6b:26f8:fd1f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:37:e9:39  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
RX packets 143  bytes 17342 (16.9 KiB)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 38  bytes 5940 (5.8 KiB)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
inet 192.168.52.156  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.52.255
inet6 fe80::222b:77ad:8da2:4ea6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:37:e9:2f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
RX packets 114  bytes 14481 (14.1 KiB)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 30  bytes 4661 (4.5 KiB)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

在master服務器上創建集群

##6個實例分為三組，每組一主一從
[root@localhost utils]# redis-cli --cluster create 192.168.52.150:6379 192.168.52.153:6379 192.168.52.154:6379 192.168.52.148:6379 192.168.52.155:6379 192.168.52.156:6379 --cluster-replicas 1
##創建群集，每組一主一從

Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 192.168.52.155:6379 to 192.168.52.150:6379
Adding replica 192.168.52.156:6379 to 192.168.52.153:6379
Adding replica 192.168.52.148:6379 to 192.168.52.154:6379
M: b9dfae79d92141a7bad172a344e0696f356a875f 192.168.52.150:6379
slots:[0-16383] (5461 slots) master    ##128，129，135為主
M: b9dfae79d92141a7bad172a344e0696f356a875f 192.168.52.153:6379
slots:[0-16383] (5462 slots) master
M: b9dfae79d92141a7bad172a344e0696f356a875f 192.168.52.154:6379
slots:[0-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: ebc69ee01cf293b3af9930cac2dba03b4475336b 192.168.52.148:6379
replicates b9dfae79d92141a7bad172a344e0696f356a875f  ##136，137，138為副本
S: ebc69ee01cf293b3af9930cac2dba03b4475336b 192.168.52.155:6379
replicates b9dfae79d92141a7bad172a344e0696f356a875f
S: ebc69ee01cf293b3af9930cac2dba03b4475336b 192.168.52.156:6379
replicates b9dfae79d92141a7bad172a344e0696f356a875f
...
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes  ##選擇yes
Nodes configuration updated
Assign a different config epoch to each node
Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join

Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.52.150:6379)
M: b9dfae79d92141a7bad172a344e0696f356a875f 192.168.52.150:6379
slots:[0-16383] (16384 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: ebc69ee01cf293b3af9930cac2dba03b4475336b 192.168.52.155:6379
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates b9dfae79d92141a7bad172a344e0696f356a875f
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
Check for open slots...
Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
[root@localhost utils]#

驗證群集讀寫原理

[root@localhost utils]# redis-cli -h 192.168.52.150 -p 6379   ##主服務器
192.168.52.150:6379> set name zhangsan   ##創建鍵值對
OK
192.168.52.150:6379> keys
1) "name"
192.168.52.150:6379> get name
"zhangsan"
192.168.52.150:6379> exit
[root@localhost utils]# redis-cli -h 192.168.52.148 -p 6379   ##從服務器
192.168.52.148:6379> keys    ##查看從上也有
1) "name"
192.168.52.148:6379> get name
"zhangsan"
192.168.52.148:6379> exit
[root@localhost utils]#