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我們知道 apiserver 有以下幾種認證方式:
一般我們使用二進制自建 k8s 集群,或者使用 kubeadm 創建的集群,集群的管理者,也就是 k8s 中 user 這個對象,都是使用的 X509 證書進行驗證,如果屬于同一個 CA 簽發的,就認可這個用戶;
企業為了減少用戶管理的復雜程度,需要想辦法如何把 IAM 的用戶集成到 EKS 集群中,這樣我們就不需要耽誤為 EKS 創建用戶,減少一套用戶的維護工作,那這是如何集成的呢,是通過了 k8s 的 Webhook Token Authentication,其認證過程架構圖如下:
我們可以從圖中看到多了 Authentication 這一部分,通過 aws-iam-authenticator,我們可以知道,這是運行在 EKS Control Plane 中的一組 DaemonSet Pod,用來接收 apiserver 的認證請求。
我們使用 eksctl 這個命令創建 EKS 集群,默認 eksctl 會調用 awscli 的 config,所以我們需要先配置好 awscli,相關的用戶或者角色具有創建 eks 集群的權限即可:
eksctl create cluster --name eks --region us-east-1 \
--node-type=t2.small --nodes 1 --ssh-public-key .ssh/id_rsa.pub \
--managed --zones us-east-1f,us-east-1c --vpc-nat-mode Disable
集群創建好之后,會自動幫我們配置好 kubeclt 需要的配置文件,并且集群的創建者會自動獲取集群 cluster-admin 的角色,擁有最高權限。
我們首先可以通過 CloudWatch Logs 去查看 kube-apiserver 的啟動參數,我們可以看到有這樣一組啟動參數:
--authentication-token-webhook-config-file="/etc/kubernetes/authenticator/apiserver-webhook-kubeconfig.yaml"
說明我們已經啟動了 webhook 方式的認證,那參數后面的 yaml 文件里面是什么呢,我們可以通過 aws-iam-authenticator 的 github 文檔可以看到,我們使用如下命令進行生成:
wangzan:~/k8s $ aws-iam-authenticator init -i `openssl rand 16 -hex`
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] generated a new private key and certificate certBytes=804 keyBytes=1192
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] saving new key and certificate certPath=cert.pem keyPath=key.pem
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] loaded existing keypair certPath=cert.pem keyPath=key.pem
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] writing webhook kubeconfig file kubeconfigPath=aws-iam-authenticator.kubeconfig
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] copy cert.pem to /var/aws-iam-authenticator/cert.pem on kubernetes master node(s)
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] copy key.pem to /var/aws-iam-authenticator/key.pem on kubernetes master node(s)
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] copy aws-iam-authenticator.kubeconfig to /etc/kubernetes/aws-iam-authenticator/kubeconfig.yaml on kubernetes master node(s)
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] configure your apiserver with `--authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/aws-iam-authenticator/kubeconfig.yaml` to enable authentication with aws-iam-authenticator
查看生成的配置文件aws-iam-authenticator.kubeconfig
wangzan:~/k8s $ cat aws-iam-authenticator.kubeconfig
# clusters refers to the remote service.
clusters:
- name: aws-iam-authenticator
cluster:
certificate-authority-data: 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
server: https://localhost:21362/authenticate
# users refers to the API Server's webhook configuration
# (we don't need to authenticate the API server).
users:
- name: apiserver
# kubeconfig files require a context. Provide one for the API Server.
current-context: webhook
contexts:
- name: webhook
context:
cluster: aws-iam-authenticator
user: apiserver
首先,我們查看一下 kubectl 的配置文件信息:
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED
server: https://93BEE997ED0F1C1BA3BD6C8395BE0756.sk1.us-east-1.eks.amazonaws.com
name: eks.us-east-1.eksctl.io
contexts:
- context:
cluster: eks.us-east-1.eksctl.io
user: wangzan@eks.us-east-1.eksctl.io
name: wangzan@eks.us-east-1.eksctl.io
current-context: wangzan@eks.us-east-1.eksctl.io
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: wangzan@eks.us-east-1.eksctl.io
user:
exec:
apiVersion: client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1
args:
- token
- -i
- eks
command: aws-iam-authenticator
env: null
我們可以看到 user 字段,這里不是使用證書進行認證的,而是使用的 aws-iam-authenticator client,其命令如下:
wangzan:~ $ aws-iam-authenticator token -i eks
{"kind":"ExecCredential","apiVersion":"client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1","spec":{},"status":{"expirationTimestamp":"2020-01-07T08:23:23Z","token":"k8s-aws-v1.aHR0cHM6Ly9zdHMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS8_QWN0aW9uPUdldENhbGxlcklkZW50aXR5JlZlcnNpb249MjAxMS0wNi0xNSZYLUFtei1BbGdvcml0aG09QVdTNC1ITUFDLVNIQTI1NiZYLUFtei1DcmVkZW50aWFsPUFLSUE1TkFHSEY2TllYU01DTEhPJTJGMjAyMDAxMDclMkZ1cy1lYXN0LTElMkZzdHMlMkZhd3M0X3JlcXVlc3QmWC1BbXotRGF0ZT0yMDIwMDEwN1QwODA5MjNaJlgtQW16LUV4cGlyZXM9MCZYLUFtei1TaWduZWRIZWFkZXJzPWhvc3QlM0J4LWs4cy1hd3MtaWQmWC1BbXotU2lnbmF0dXJlPTU2MjA5OTZhY2MzZGE3OWI3OGI0NDVjOTVkMTMyNmU0NjZmNTUyZTMzNDdkN2Y5MmExNGUwMzcwOTJiMzdmMDY"}}
這里其實是向 sts 獲取一個臨時的 token,用作身份憑證,這個命令也等同于下面的命令:
wangzan:~ $ aws eks get-token --cluster-name eks
{"status": {"expirationTimestamp": "2020-01-07T08:25:38Z", "token": "k8s-aws-v1.aHR0cHM6Ly9zdHMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS8_QWN0aW9uPUdldENhbGxlcklkZW50aXR5JlZlcnNpb249MjAxMS0wNi0xNSZYLUFtei1BbGdvcml0aG09QVdTNC1ITUFDLVNIQTI1NiZYLUFtei1FeHBpcmVzPTYwJlgtQW16LURhdGU9MjAyMDAxMDdUMDgxMTM4WiZYLUFtei1TaWduZWRIZWFkZXJzPWhvc3QlM0J4LWs4cy1hd3MtaWQmWC1BbXotU2VjdXJpdHktVG9rZW49JlgtQW16LUNyZWRlbnRpYWw9QUtJQTVOQUdIRjZOWVhTTUNMSE8lMkYyMDIwMDEwNyUyRnVzLWVhc3QtMSUyRnN0cyUyRmF3czRfcmVxdWVzdCZYLUFtei1TaWduYXR1cmU9NDUyYzA5ZTIwMzg2YjFmODU0NTU4YjhjNzBkNDA2MzdkYzM2Y2ExNzA5YWIxODQzNzE3NDdhY2IwYTUyNGIzYw"}, "kind": "ExecCredential", "spec": {}, "apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1"}
我們回到上面的架構圖,kubectl 會把這個獲取的 token,放到 http 的請求頭 Authorization 里面,發送給 apiserver,apiserver 收到之后,回去請求已經配置好的 webhook 服務器,也就是我們前面所說的 daemonset pod(aws-iam-authenticator server),這個 aws-iam-authenticator server 會拿著 token 去請求 sts 服務,sts 服務驗證其 token 的合法性,并返回 IAM 用戶的 ARN(IAM Identity);
當 aws-iam-authenticator server 得到返回的 ARN 之后,回去和 k8s 中的一個 configmap aws-auth 去對比。
我們查看一下剛創建好的機器,aws-auth 這個 configmap里面有什么信息:
wangzan:~ $ kubectl get cm aws-auth -nkube-system -oyaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
mapRoles: |
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers
- system:nodes
rolearn: arn:aws:iam::921283538843:role/eksctl-eks-nodegroup-ng-5a1b33b9-NodeInstanceRole-1B757SI5DCABJ
username: system:node:{{EC2PrivateDNSName}}
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers
- system:nodes
- system:node-proxier
rolearn: arn:aws:iam::921283538843:role/eksctl-eks-cluster-FargatePodExecutionRole-DEAGGBFGQ9YB
username: system:node:{{SessionName}}
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2019-12-30T07:57:47Z"
name: aws-auth
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "529891"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/configmaps/aws-auth
uid: 117c0e14-2ada-11ea-8820-0a64f353aa45
這里面定義了 IAM Identity 和 k8s 里面的 user 或者 group 的映射關系,集群創建的默認管理員并沒有放在這里面,可能是處于安全的考慮,因為這個文件是可以進行編輯修改的。
通過上面一步我們可以知道,通過對比 aws-auth,apiserver 會得到請求用戶的 username 或者 group,然后在通過其 authorization 授權方式對 IAM 賦予相應的權限,我們集群一般使用的是 RBAC。
關于更多的一些配置信息,可以參照官方文檔:
https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-iam-authenticator
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/zh_cn/eks/latest/userguide/add-user-role.html
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