您好,登錄后才能下訂單哦!
3臺服務器Redis高可用哨兵模式
3.1 主redis配置
3.2 從redis配置
1. 介紹
2. redis程序安裝
3. 哨兵模式配置
3.3 啟動redis和哨兵
4. 總結
Redis 的 Sentinel 系統用于管理多個 Redis 服務器(instance), 該系統執行以下三個任務:
監控(Monitoring): Sentinel 會不斷地檢查你的主服務器和從服務器是否運作正常。
提醒(Notification): 當被監控的某個 Redis 服務器出現問題時, Sentinel 可以通過 API 向管理員或者其他應用程序發送通知。
自動故障遷移(Automatic failover): 當一個主服務器不能正常工作時, Sentinel 會開始一次自動故障遷移操作, 它會將失效主服務器的其中一個從服務器升級為新的主服務器, 并讓失效主服務器的其他從服務器改為復制新的主服務器; 當客戶端試圖連接失效的主服務器時, 集群也會向客戶端返回新主服務器的地址, 使得集群可以使用新主服務器代替失效服務器。
Redis Sentinel 是一個分布式系統, 你可以在一個架構中運行多個 Sentinel 進程(progress), 這些進程使用流言協議(gossip protocols)來接收關于主服務器是否下線的信息, 并使用投票協議(agreement protocols)來決定是否執行自動故障遷移, 以及選擇哪個從服務器作為新的主服務器。
雖然 Redis Sentinel 釋出為一個單獨的可執行文件 redis-sentinel , 但實際上它只是一個運行在特殊模式下的 Redis 服務器, 你可以在啟動一個普通 Redis 服務器時通過給定 –sentinel 選項來啟動 Redis Sentinel 。
環境
CentOS7.2
redis3.2.8
服務器IP | redis端口 | 哨兵端口 | 服務器角色 |
---|---|---|---|
10.1.0.160 | 6379 | 26379 | 主 |
10.1.0.161 | 6379 | 26379 | 從1 |
10.1.0.71 | 6379 | 26379 | 從2 |
以下是單redis安裝腳本,可適用于單redis使用。 cat install_redis.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# It's Used to be install redis.
# Created on 2016/10/19 11:18.
# @author: Chinge_Yang.
# Version: 1.0
function install_redis () {
#################################################################################################
sourcepackage_dir="/tmp"
redis_install_dir="/usr/local/redis"
cd ${sourcepackage_dir}
if [ ! -f " redis-stable.tar.gz" ]; then
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-stable.tar.gz
fi
cd ${makework_dir}
tar -zxvf ${sourcepackage_dir}/redis-stable.tar.gz
cd redis-stable
make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
return_echo "make"
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/{etc,var}
rsync -avz redis.conf /usr/local/redis/etc/
sed -i 's@pidfile.*@pidfile /var/run/redis-server.pid@' $redis_install_dir/etc/redis.conf
sed -i "s@logfile.*@logfile $redis_install_dir/var/redis.log@" $redis_install_dir/etc/redis.conf
sed -i "s@^dir.*@dir $redis_install_dir/var@" $redis_install_dir/etc/redis.conf
sed -i 's/daemonize no/daemonize yes/g' /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# bind 127.0.0.1/bind 127.0.0.1/g' /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf
rsync -avz ${sourcepackage_dir}/init.d/redis-server /etc/init.d/
/etc/init.d/redis-server start
chkconfig --add redis-server
chkconfig redis-server on
#################################################################################################
}
install_redis
redis啟停腳本示例: cat redis-server
#!/bin/bash
#
# redis - this script starts and stops the redis-server daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Redis is a persistent key-value database
# processname: redis-server
# config: /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/redis
# pidfile: /usr/local/redis/var/redis-server.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
redis="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server"
prog=$(basename $redis)
REDIS_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/redis ] && . /etc/sysconfig/redis
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/redis-server
start() {
[ -x $redis ] || exit 5
[ -f $REDIS_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $redis $REDIS_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $redis -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
exit 2
esac
redis-sentinel啟停腳本示例:
#!/bin/bash
#
# redis-sentinel - this script starts and stops the redis-server sentinel daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Redis sentinel
# processname: redis-server
# config: /usr/local/redis/etc/sentinel.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/redis
# pidfile: /usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
redis="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-sentinel"
prog=$(basename $redis)
REDIS_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/redis/etc/sentinel.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/redis ] && . /etc/sysconfig/redis
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/redis-sentinel
start() {
[ -x $redis ] || exit 5
[ -f $REDIS_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $redis $REDIS_CONF_FILE --sentinel
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $redis -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
exit 2
esac
3臺主機相同設置:
按照前面單redis安裝方法安裝程序;
創建相應數據目錄;
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/data/redis
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/data/sentinel
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/sbin
vim /usr/local/redis/sbin/redis-server # 使用上文中的示例腳本
vim /usr/local/redis/sbin/redis-sentinel # 使用上文中的示例腳本
vim redis.conf
daemonize yes
pidfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-server.pid"
port 6379
tcp-backlog 128
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 0
loglevel notice
logfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-server.log"
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
dir "/usr/local/redis/data/redis"
masterauth "20170310"
requirepass "20170310"
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only yes
repl-diskless-sync no
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
slave-priority 100
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appendfsync everysec
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
aof-load-truncated yes
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
latency-monitor-threshold 0
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
群集文件配置 vim sentinel.conf
port 26379
pidfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.pid"
dir "/usr/local/redis/data/sentinel"
daemonize yes
logfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.log"
sentinel monitor mymaster 10.1.0.160 6379 2
sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 2
sentinel auth-pass mymaster 20170310
相對主redis配置,多添加了如下行:
slaveof 10.1.0.160 6379
vim redis.conf
daemonize yes
pidfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-server.pid"
port 6379
tcp-backlog 128
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 0
loglevel notice
logfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-server.log"
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
dir "/usr/local/redis/data/redis"
masterauth "20170310"
requirepass "20170310"
slaveof 10.1.0.160 6379
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only yes
repl-diskless-sync no
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
slave-priority 90
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appendfsync everysec
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
aof-load-truncated yes
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
latency-monitor-threshold 0
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
vim sentinel.conf
port 26379
pidfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.pid"
dir "/usr/local/redis/data/sentinel"
daemonize yes
logfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.log"
sentinel monitor mymaster 10.1.0.160 6379 2
sentinel config-epoch mymaster 0
啟動redis,主從都要啟動 /usr/local/redis/sbin/redis-server start
啟動群集監控,主從都要啟動 /usr/local/redis/sbin/redis-sentinel start
啟動報錯處理
錯誤1:
WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
解決方法(overcommit_memory)
1. `vim /etc/sysctl.conf`添加如下設置 , 然后`sysctl -p`
"vm.overcommit_memory = 1"
可選值:0、1、2。
0, 表示內核將檢查是否有足夠的可用內存供應用進程使用;如果有足夠的可用內存,內存申請允許;否則,內存申請失敗,并把錯誤返回給應用進程。
1, 表示內核允許分配所有的物理內存,而不管當前的內存狀態如何。
2, 表示內核允許分配超過所有物理內存和交換空間總和的內存
注意:redis在dump數據的時候,會fork出一個子進程,理論上child進程所占用的內存和parent是一樣的,比如parent占用 的內存為8G,這個時候也要同樣分配8G的內存給child,如果內存無法負擔,往往會造成redis服務器的down機或者IO負載過高,效率下降。所 以這里比較優化的內存分配策略應該設置為 1(表示內核允許分配所有的物理內存,而不管當前的內存狀態如何)。
這里又涉及到Overcommit和OOM。
什么是Overcommit和OOM?
在Unix中,當一個用戶進程使用malloc()函數申請內存時,假如返回值是NULL,則這個進程知道當前沒有可用內存空間,就會做相應的處理工作。許多進程會打印錯誤信息并退出。
Linux使用另外一種處理方式,它對大部分申請內存的請求都回復"yes",以便能跑更多更大的程序。因為申請內存后,并不會馬上使用內存。這種技術叫做Overcommit。
當內存不足時,會發生OOM killer(OOM=out-of-memory)。它會選擇殺死一些進程(用戶態進程,不是內核線程),以便釋放內存。
Overcommit的策略
Linux下overcommit有三種策略(Documentation/vm/overcommit-accounting):
0. 啟發式策略。合理的overcommit會被接受,不合理的overcommit會被拒絕。
1. 任何overcommit都會被接受。
2. 當系統分配的內存超過swap+N%*物理RAM(N%由vm.overcommit_ratio決定)時,會拒絕commit。
overcommit的策略通過vm.overcommit_memory設置。
overcommit的百分比由vm.overcommit_ratio設置。
# echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
# echo 80 > /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio
當oom-killer發生時,linux會選擇殺死哪些進程
選擇進程的函數是oom_badness函數(在mm/oom_kill.c中),該函數會計算每個進程的點數(0~1000)。
點數越高,這個進程越有可能被殺死。
每個進程的點數跟oom_score_adj有關,而且oom_score_adj可以被設置(-1000最低,1000最高)。
錯誤2:
WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
echo 511 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
錯誤3:
16433:X 12 Jun 14:52:37.734 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).
新裝的linux默認只有1024,當負載較大時,會經常出現error: too many open files
ulimit -a:使用可以查看當前系統的所有限制值
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
在文件的末尾加上
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
執行su或者重新關閉連接用戶再執行ulimit -a就可以查看修改后的結果。
故障切換機制
啟動群集之后,群集程序默認會在主從的sentinel.conf文件中加入群集信息
主:
port 26379
pidfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.pid"
dir "/usr/local/redis/data/sentinel"
daemonize yes
logfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.log"
sentinel myid aeff525d03a2234ef834808f7991761db03a1973
sentinel monitor mymaster 10.1.0.160 6379 2
sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 2
sentinel auth-pass mymaster 20170310
# Generated by CONFIG REWRITE
sentinel config-epoch mymaster 0
sentinel leader-epoch mymaster 0
sentinel known-slave mymaster 10.1.0.71 6379
sentinel known-slave mymaster 10.1.0.161 6379
sentinel current-epoch 0
從1:
port 26379
pidfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.pid"
dir "/usr/local/redis/data/sentinel"
daemonize yes
logfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.log"
sentinel myid 01b1b7674abe648f6a2344fc5610e73b7e87cb8a
sentinel monitor mymaster 10.1.0.160 6379 2
sentinel config-epoch mymaster 0
# Generated by CONFIG REWRITE
sentinel leader-epoch mymaster 0
sentinel current-epoch 0
從2:
port 26379
pidfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.pid"
dir "/usr/local/redis/data/sentinel"
daemonize yes
logfile "/usr/local/redis/var/redis-sentinel.log"
sentinel myid f1589f48079b3b3b536add4e2e01a36304aeba8c
sentinel monitor mymaster 10.1.0.160 6379 2
sentinel config-epoch mymaster 0
# Generated by CONFIG REWRITE
sentinel leader-epoch mymaster 0
sentinel current-epoch 0
模擬主故障
[root@show160 redis]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -p 6379
127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH 20170310
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> DEBUG SEGFAULT
Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:6379: Connection refused
not connected> quit
從哨兵配置文件中可以看到當前的主庫的已經發生了改變
redis的哨兵端口26379使用redis-cli可以連接查看哨兵相關信息,要想連接此高可用redis,可使用官方的連接客戶端。使用哨兵監控當主故障后會自動切換從為主,當主啟動后就變成了從。至少要3哨兵和3redis節點才能允許掛一節點還能保證服務可用性。
參考資料:
https://redis.io/topics/sentinel
http://www.redis.cn/topics/sentinel.html
http://www.majunwei.com/view/201610302123020678.html
免責聲明:本站發布的內容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創、轉載和分享為主,文章觀點不代表本網站立場,如果涉及侵權請聯系站長郵箱:is@yisu.com進行舉報,并提供相關證據,一經查實,將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。