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SpringBoot項目通過SpringApplication.run(App.class, args)來啟動:
@Configuration public class App { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(App.class, args); } }
接下來,通過源碼來看看SpringApplication.run()
方法的執行過程。如果對源碼不感興趣,直接下拉到文章末尾,看啟動框圖。
1、調用SpringApplication類的靜態方法
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object source, String... args) { return run(new Object[] { source }, args); } public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object[] sources, String[] args) { return new SpringApplication(sources).run(args); }
2、SpringApplication對象初始化
public SpringApplication(Object... sources) { initialize(sources); } @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" }) private void initialize(Object[] sources) { if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) { this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources)); } // 判斷是否為WEB環境 this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment(); // 找到META-INF/spring.factories中ApplicationContextInitializer所有實現類,并將其實例化 setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances( ApplicationContextInitializer.class)); // 找到META-INF/spring.factories中ApplicationListener所有實現類,并將其實例化 setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class)); // 獲取當前main方法類對象,即測試類中的App實例 this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass(); }
對象初始化過程中,使用到了getSpringFactoriesInstances方法:
private <T> Collection<? extends T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) { return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {}); } private <T> Collection<? extends T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) { ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); // Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates // 讀取META-INF/spring.factories指定接口的實現類 Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<String>( SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader)); List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names); AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances); return instances; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private <T> List<T> createSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, ClassLoader classLoader, Object[] args, Set<String> names) { List<T> instances = new ArrayList<T>(names.size()); for (String name : names) { try { Class<?> instanceClass = ClassUtils.forName(name, classLoader); Assert.isAssignable(type, instanceClass); Constructor<?> constructor = instanceClass.getConstructor(parameterTypes); T instance = (T) constructor.newInstance(args); instances.add(instance); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Cannot instantiate " + type + " : " + name, ex); } } return instances; } // 讀取META-INF/spring.factories文件 public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) { String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName(); try { Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) : ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION)); List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>(); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url)); String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName); result.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames))); } return result; } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() + "] factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex); } }
META-INF/spring.factories文件內容,spring boot版本1.3.6.RELEASE # PropertySource Loaders org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader=\ org.springframework.boot.env.PropertiesPropertySourceLoader,\ org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader # Run Listeners org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\ org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener # Application Context Initializers org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\ org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.context.web.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer # Application Listeners org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\ org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener # Environment Post Processors org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\ org.springframework.boot.cloud.CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor,\ org.springframework.boot.env.SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor
ApplicationListener接口是Spring框架的事件監聽器,其作用可理解為SpringApplicationRunListener發布通知事件時,由ApplicationListener負責接收。SpringApplicationRunListener接口的實現類就是EventPublishingRunListener,其在SpringBoot啟動過程中,負責注冊ApplicationListener監聽器,在不同時間節點發布不同事件類型,如果有ApplicationListener實現類監聽了該事件,則接收處理。
public interface SpringApplicationRunListener { /** * 通知監聽器,SpringBoot開始啟動 */ void started(); /** * 通知監聽器,環境配置完成 */ void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment); /** * 通知監聽器,ApplicationContext已創建并初始化完成 */ void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context); /** * 通知監聽器,ApplicationContext已完成IOC配置 */ void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context); /** * 通知監聽器,SpringBoot開始完畢 */ void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception); }
附圖為ApplicationListener監聽接口實現類,每個類對應了一種事件。
3、SpringApplication核心run方法
/** * Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new * {@link ApplicationContext}. * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method) * @return a running {@link ApplicationContext} */ public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { // 任務執行時間監聽,記錄起止時間差 StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); // 啟動SpringApplicationRunListener監聽器 SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.started(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); // 創建并刷新ApplicationContext context = createAndRefreshContext(listeners, applicationArguments); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); // 通知監聽器,應用啟動完畢 listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } }
這里,需要看看createAndRefreshContext()方法是如何創建并刷新ApplicationContext。
private ConfigurableApplicationContext createAndRefreshContext( SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) { ConfigurableApplicationContext context; // Create and configure the environment // 創建并配置運行環境,WebEnvironment與StandardEnvironment選其一 ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment(); configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs()); listeners.environmentPrepared(environment); if (isWebEnvironment(environment) && !this.webEnvironment) { environment = convertToStandardEnvironment(environment); } // 是否打印Banner,就是啟動程序時出現的圖形 if (this.bannerMode != Banner.Mode.OFF) { printBanner(environment); } // Create, load, refresh and run the ApplicationContext // 創建、裝置、刷新、運行ApplicationContext context = createApplicationContext(); context.setEnvironment(environment); postProcessApplicationContext(context); applyInitializers(context); // 通知監聽器,ApplicationContext創建完畢 listeners.contextPrepared(context); if (this.logStartupInfo) { logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null); logStartupProfileInfo(context); } // Add boot specific singleton beans context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments); // Load the sources // 將beans載入到ApplicationContext容器中 Set<Object> sources = getSources(); Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty"); load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[sources.size()])); // 通知監聽器,beans載入ApplicationContext完畢 listeners.contextLoaded(context); // Refresh the context refresh(context); if (this.registerShutdownHook) { try { context.registerShutdownHook(); } catch (AccessControlException ex) { // Not allowed in some environments. } } return context; }
其中利用createApplicationContext()來實例化ApplicationContext對象,即DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS 、DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS兩個對象其中一個。
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() { Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass; if (contextClass == null) { try { contextClass = Class.forName(this.webEnvironment ? DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS : DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, " + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass", ex); } } return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass); }
postProcessApplicationContext(context)、applyInitializers(context)
均為初始化ApplicationContext工作。
SpringBoot啟動過程分析就先到這里,過程中關注幾個對象:
ApplicationContext:Spring高級容器,與BeanFactory類似。
SpringApplicationRunListener:SprintBoot啟動監聽器,負責向ApplicationListener注冊各類事件。
Environment:運行環境。
4、啟動過程框圖
關于SpringBoot應用是如何啟動的就分享到這里了,希望以上內容可以對大家有一定的幫助,可以學到更多知識。如果覺得文章不錯,可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。
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