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一 驗證碼的由來
在web項目開發中,為了防止部分人使用自動工具(如:自動注冊機)等進行批量的數據處理,在不同的功能節點部分,添加了驗證碼進行驗證,達到對自動軟件的屏蔽效果
最經典的應用如:網站注冊圖形驗證碼;接下來,通過java技術,結合servlet實現一個網站注冊需要的圖形驗證碼程序,提供大家參考。
二 實現注冊頁面圖形驗證碼效果
1. 創建web項目:java_servlet_verifyimg
2. 創建自動生成圖形驗證碼的控制器——VerifyImgServlet
package com.phome.util; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Random; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec; import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder; public class VerifyImgServlet extends HttpServlet { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; // 設置隨機字符字典。其中不包含0,o,1,I等難以辨認的字符 public static final char[] CHARS = { '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' }; public static Random random = new Random(); // 隨機數對象 public static String getRandomString() { StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); // 字符串緩存 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) // 六次循環獲取字符 { buffer.append(CHARS[random.nextInt(CHARS.length)]); // 每次隨機取一個字符 } return buffer.toString(); } public static Color getRandomColor() { return new Color(random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255)); } public static Color getReverseColor(Color c) { return new Color(255 - c.getRed(), 255 - c.getGreen(), 255 - c.getBlue()); } public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); // 設置輸出類型 不可省略 String randomString = getRandomString(); // 調用生成隨機字符串方法獲取并接受隨機字符串 request.getSession(true).setAttribute("randomString", randomString); // 將字符串存儲到Session中 int width = 100; // 圖片寬度 int height = 30; // 圖片高度 Color color = getRandomColor(); // 獲取隨機顏色 用于背景色 Color reverse = getReverseColor(color); // 反色 用于前景色 BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); // 創建一個彩色圖片 Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics(); // 獲取繪圖對象 g.setFont(new Font(Font.SANS_SERIF, Font.BOLD, 16)); // 設置字體 g.setColor(color); // 設置顏色 g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); // 繪制背景 g.setColor(reverse); // 設置顏色 g.drawString(randomString, 18, 20); // 繪制隨機字符 for (int i = 0, n = random.nextInt(100); i < n; i++) // 畫最多一百個噪音點 { g.drawRect(random.nextInt(width), random.nextInt(height), 1, 1); // 隨機噪音點 } ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); // 好像是獲取輸出流 JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out); // 編碼器 encoder.encode(bi); // 對圖片進行編碼 out.flush(); // 輸出到客戶端 } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doGet(request, response); } }
3. 創建注冊控制器——RegistServlet
package com.phome.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; /** * 注冊控制器 * @author ZuoYi * */ public class RegistServlet extends HttpServlet{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(req, resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 從session中獲取注冊隨機驗證碼 HttpSession session = req.getSession(); String randomString = (String)session.getAttribute("randomString"); // 獲取用戶輸入驗證碼 String inputRandomString = req.getParameter("randomStr"); // 判斷驗證碼通過,模擬進行注冊 if (randomString.equals(inputRandomString)) { req.setAttribute("resinfo", "恭喜!注冊成功!"); } else { req.setAttribute("resinfo", "驗證碼輸入有誤,請檢查后重新進行注冊!"); } // 注冊成功或者失敗,都跳轉到result.jsp頁面,查看注冊結果。。。 req.getRequestDispatcher("result.jsp").forward(req, resp); } }
4. 配置servlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>simg</display-name> <!-- 配置用戶注冊servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>registservlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.phome.servlet.RegistServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>registservlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/regist.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置圖形驗證碼servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>verifyimg</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.phome.servlet.VerifyImgServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>verifyimg</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/verifyimg.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
5. 創建注冊視圖測試頁面——regist.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > --> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/regist.action" method="post"> 用戶名:<input type="text" name="username"/> <br /> 密碼:<input type="text" name="password"/> <br /> 請輸入驗證碼進行注冊: <img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/verifyimg.action"/> <input type="text" name="randomStr"/> <br /> <input type="submit" value="regist"/> </form> </body> </html>
5.1 創建注冊結果頁面——result.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > --> </head> <body> ${requestScope.resinfo } </body> </html>
6.測試
(1)a.打開瀏覽器,輸入測試地址:http://localhost:8080/java_servlet_verifyimg;出現如下圖所示頁面
b.輸入注冊賬號、密碼和驗證碼后點擊regist提交
c.測試結果,跳轉會注冊頁面,提示注冊成功
(2)打開注冊頁面
輸入錯誤注冊碼
測試結果頁面
over!
更多關于驗證碼的文章請點擊查看:《java驗證碼》
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