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小編給大家分享一下spring boot中servlet啟動過程與原理的示例分析，相信大部分人都還不怎么了解，因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲，下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧！
啟動過程與原理：
1 spring boot 應用啟動運行run方法
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
//創建一個ApplicationContext容器
context = createApplicationContext();
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
//刷新IOC容器
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}2 createApplicationContext():創建IOC容器,如果是web應用則創建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplacation的IOC容器,如果不是,則創建AnnotationConfigApplication的IOC容器
public static final String DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework.context."
+ "annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext";
/**
* The class name of application context that will be used by default for web
* environments.
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
+ "boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext";
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
if (contextClass == null) {
try {
//根據應用環境,創建不同的IOC容器
contextClass = Class.forName(this.webEnvironment
? DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS : DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unable create a default ApplicationContext, "
+ "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
ex);
}
}
return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass);
}3 refreshContext(context) spring boot刷新IOC容器(創建容器對象,并初始化容器,創建容器每一個組件)
private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
refresh(context);
if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
try {
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
catch (AccessControlException ex) {
// Not allowed in some environments.
}
}
}4 refresh(context);刷新剛才創建的IOC容器
protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
Assert.isInstanceOf(AbstractApplicationContext.class, applicationContext);
((AbstractApplicationContext) applicationContext).refresh();
}5 調用父類的refresh()的方法
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
Object var1 = this.startupShutdownMonitor;
synchronized(this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
this.prepareRefresh();
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.obtainFreshBeanFactory();
this.prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
this.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
this.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
this.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
this.initMessageSource();
this.initApplicationEventMulticaster();
this.onRefresh();
this.registerListeners();
this.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
this.finishRefresh();
} catch (BeansException var9) {
if (this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
this.logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: " + var9);
}
this.destroyBeans();
this.cancelRefresh(var9);
throw var9;
} finally {
this.resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}6 抽象父類AbstractApplicationContext類的子類EmbeddedWebApplicationContext的onRefresh方法
@Override
protected void onRefresh() {
super.onRefresh();
try {
createEmbeddedServletContainer();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start embedded container",
ex);
}
}7 在createEmbeddedServletContainer放啊發中會獲取嵌入式Servlet容器工廠,由容器工廠創建Servlet
private void createEmbeddedServletContainer() {
EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer;
ServletContext localServletContext = getServletContext();
if (localContainer == null && localServletContext == null) {
//獲取嵌入式Servlet容器工廠
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
//根據容器工廠獲取對應嵌入式Servlet容器
this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
}
else if (localServletContext != null) {
try {
getSelfInitializer().onStartup(localServletContext);
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context",
ex);
}
}
initPropertySources();
}8 從IOC容器中獲取Servlet容器工廠
//EmbeddedWebApplicationContext#getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
protected EmbeddedServletContainerFactory getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
// Use bean names so that we don't consider the hierarchy
String[] beanNames = getBeanFactory()
.getBeanNamesForType(EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class);
if (beanNames.length == 0) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Unable to start EmbeddedWebApplicationContext due to missing "
+ "EmbeddedServletContainerFactory bean.");
}
if (beanNames.length > 1) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Unable to start EmbeddedWebApplicationContext due to multiple "
+ "EmbeddedServletContainerFactory beans : "
+ StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(beanNames));
}
return getBeanFactory().getBean(beanNames[0],
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class);
}9 使用Servlet容器工廠獲取嵌入式Servlet容器,具體使用哪一個容器工廠看配置環境依賴
this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
10 上述創建過程 首先啟動IOC容器,接著啟動嵌入式Servlet容器,接著將IOC容器中剩下沒有創建的對象獲取出來,比如自己創建的controller
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
// Initialize conversion service for this context.
if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
beanFactory.setConversionService(
beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
}
// Register a default embedded value resolver if no bean post-processor
// (such as a PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:
// at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.
if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(new StringValueResolver() {
@Override
public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) {
return getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal);
}
});
}
// Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.
String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
getBean(weaverAwareName);
}
// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);
// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
}看看 preInstantiateSingletons方法
public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
this.logger.debug("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
}
List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList(this.beanDefinitionNames);
Iterator var2 = beanNames.iterator();
while(true) {
while(true) {
String beanName;
RootBeanDefinition bd;
do {
do {
do {
if (!var2.hasNext()) {
var2 = beanNames.iterator();
while(var2.hasNext()) {
beanName = (String)var2.next();
Object singletonInstance = this.getSingleton(beanName);
if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
final SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton)singletonInstance;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
public Object run() {
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
return null;
}
}, this.getAccessControlContext());
} else {
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
}
}
}
return;
}
beanName = (String)var2.next();
bd = this.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
} while(bd.isAbstract());
} while(!bd.isSingleton());
} while(bd.isLazyInit());
if (this.isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
final FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean)this.getBean("&" + beanName);
boolean isEagerInit;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
isEagerInit = ((Boolean)AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
public Boolean run() {
return ((SmartFactoryBean)factory).isEagerInit();
}
}, this.getAccessControlContext())).booleanValue();
} else {
isEagerInit = factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean && ((SmartFactoryBean)factory).isEagerInit();
}
if (isEagerInit) {
this.getBean(beanName);
}
} else {
//注冊bean
this.getBean(beanName);
}
}
}
}是使用getBean方法來通過反射將所有未創建的實例創建出來
使用嵌入式Servlet容器:
優點: 簡單,便攜
缺點: 默認不支持jsp,優化定制比較復雜
使用外置Servlet容器的步驟:
1 必須創建war項目,需要劍豪web項目的目錄結構
2 嵌入式Tomcat依賴scope指定provided
3 編寫SpringBootServletInitializer類子類,并重寫configure方法
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
}
}4 啟動服務器
jar包和war包啟動區別
jar包:執行SpringBootApplication的run方法,啟動IOC容器,然后創建嵌入式Servlet容器
war包: 先是啟動Servlet服務器,服務器啟動Springboot應用(springBootServletInitizer),然后啟動IOC容器
Servlet 3.0+規則
1 服務器啟動(web應用啟動),會創建當前web應用里面所有jar包里面的ServletContainerlnitializer實例
2 ServletContainerInitializer的實現放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夾下
3 還可以使用@HandlesTypes注解，在應用啟動的時候加載指定的類。
外部Tomcat流程以及原理
① 啟動Tomcat
② 根據上述描述的Servlet3.0+規則，可以在Spring的web模塊里面找到有個文件名為javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件，而文件的內容為org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer，用于加載SpringServletContainerInitializer類
③看看SpringServletContainerInitializer定義
@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)
public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {
/**
* Delegate the {@code ServletContext} to any {@link WebApplicationInitializer}
* implementations present on the application classpath.
* <p>Because this class declares @{@code HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)},
* Servlet 3.0+ containers will automatically scan the classpath for implementations
* of Spring's {@code WebApplicationInitializer} interface and provide the set of all
* such types to the {@code webAppInitializerClasses} parameter of this method.
* <p>If no {@code WebApplicationInitializer} implementations are found on the classpath,
* this method is effectively a no-op. An INFO-level log message will be issued notifying
* the user that the {@code ServletContainerInitializer} has indeed been invoked but that
* no {@code WebApplicationInitializer} implementations were found.
* <p>Assuming that one or more {@code WebApplicationInitializer} types are detected,
* they will be instantiated (and <em>sorted</em> if the @{@link
* org.springframework.core.annotation.Order @Order} annotation is present or
* the {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered Ordered} interface has been
* implemented). Then the {@link WebApplicationInitializer#onStartup(ServletContext)}
* method will be invoked on each instance, delegating the {@code ServletContext} such
* that each instance may register and configure servlets such as Spring's
* {@code DispatcherServlet}, listeners such as Spring's {@code ContextLoaderListener},
* or any other Servlet API componentry such as filters.
* @param webAppInitializerClasses all implementations of
* {@link WebApplicationInitializer} found on the application classpath
* @param servletContext the servlet context to be initialized
* @see WebApplicationInitializer#onStartup(ServletContext)
* @see AnnotationAwareOrderComparator
*/
@Override
public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)
throws ServletException {
List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = new LinkedList<WebApplicationInitializer>();
if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) {
for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) {
// Be defensive: Some servlet containers provide us with invalid classes,
// no matter what @HandlesTypes says...
if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) &&
WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) {
try {
//為所有的WebApplicationInitializer類型創建實例,并加入集合中
initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer) waiClass.newInstance());
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ServletException("Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class", ex);
}
}
}
}
if (initializers.isEmpty()) {
servletContext.log("No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath");
return;
}
servletContext.log(initializers.size() + " Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath");
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers);
//調用每一個WebApplicationInitializer實例的onstartup方法
for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) {
initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
}
}
}在上面一段長長的注釋中可以看到，SpringServletContainerInitializer將@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)標注的所有WebApplicationInitializer這個類型的類都傳入到onStartup方法的Set參數中，并通過反射為這些WebApplicationInitializer類型的類創建實例；
④ 方法最后,每一個WebApplicationInitilizer實現調用自己onstartup方法
⑤ 而WebApplicationInitializer有個抽象實現類SpringBootServletInitializer（記住我們繼承了該抽象類），則會調用每一個WebApplicationInitializer實例（包括SpringBootServletInitializer）的onStartup方法：
public abstract class SpringBootServletInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
//other code...
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
// Logger initialization is deferred in case a ordered
// LogServletContextInitializer is being used
this.logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
//創建IOC容器
WebApplicationContext rootAppContext = createRootApplicationContext(
servletContext);
if (rootAppContext != null) {
servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootAppContext) {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
// no-op because the application context is already initialized
}
});
}
else {
this.logger.debug("No ContextLoaderListener registered, as "
+ "createRootApplicationContext() did not "
+ "return an application context");
}
}
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
ServletContext servletContext) {
//創建Spring應用構建器，并進行相關屬性設置
SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
builder.environment(environment);
builder.main(getClass());
ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
if (parent != null) {
this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
servletContext.setAttribute(
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
}
builder.initializers(
new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
//調用configure方法，創建war類型的web項目后，由于編寫SpringBootServletInitializer的子類重寫configure方法，所以此處調用的是我們定義的子類重寫的configure方法
builder = configure(builder);
//通過構建器構建了一個Spring應用
SpringApplication application = builder.build();
if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
application.getSources().add(getClass());
}
Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
+ "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
// Ensure error pages are registered
if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
}
//啟動Spring應用
return run(application);
}
//Spring應用啟動，創建并返回IOC容器
protected WebApplicationContext run(SpringApplication application) {
return (WebApplicationContext) application.run();
}
}SpringBootServletInitializer實例執行onStartup方法的時候會通過createRootApplicationContext方法來執行run方法，接下來的過程就同以jar包形式啟動的應用的run過程一樣了，在內部會創建IOC容器并返回，只是以war包形式的應用在創建IOC容器過程中，不再創建Servlet容器了。
以上是“spring boot中servlet啟動過程與原理的示例分析”這篇文章的所有內容，感謝各位的閱讀！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的內容對大家有所幫助，如果還想學習更多知識，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道！
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