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前言
重試,我相信大家并不陌生。在我們調用Http接口的時候,總會因為某種原因調用失敗,這個時候我們可以通過重試的方式,來重新請求接口。
生活中這樣的事例很多,比如打電話,對方正在通話中啊,信號不好啊等等原因,你總會打不通,當你第一次沒打通之后,你會打第二次,第三次...第四次就通了。
重試也要注意應用場景,讀數據的接口比較適合重試的場景,寫數據的接口就需要注意接口的冪等性了。還有就是重試次數如果太多的話會導致請求量加倍,給后端造成更大的壓力,設置合理的重試機制才是最關鍵的。
今天我們來簡單的了解下Spring Cloud Gateway中的重試機制和使用。
使用講解
RetryGatewayFilter是Spring Cloud Gateway對請求重試提供的一個GatewayFilter Factory。
配置方式:
spring: cloud: gateway: routes: - id: fsh-house uri: lb://fsh-house predicates: - Path=/house/** filters: - name: Retry args: retries: 3 series: - SERVER_ERROR statuses: - OK methods: - GET - POST exceptions: - java.io.IOException
配置講解
配置類源碼org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.RetryGatewayFilterFactory.RetryConfig:
public static class RetryConfig { private int retries = 3; private List<Series> series = toList(Series.SERVER_ERROR); private List<HttpStatus> statuses = new ArrayList<>(); private List<HttpMethod> methods = toList(HttpMethod.GET); private List<Class<? extends Throwable>> exceptions = toList(IOException.class); // ..... }
retries:重試次數,默認值是3次
series:狀態碼配置(分段),符合的某段狀態碼才會進行重試邏輯,默認值是SERVER_ERROR,值是5,也就是5XX(5開頭的狀態碼),共有5個值:
public enum Series { INFORMATIONAL(1), SUCCESSFUL(2), REDIRECTION(3), CLIENT_ERROR(4), SERVER_ERROR(5); }
statuses:狀態碼配置,和series不同的是這邊是具體狀態碼的配置,取值請參考:org.springframework.http.HttpStatus
methods:指定哪些方法的請求需要進行重試邏輯,默認值是GET方法,取值如下:
public enum HttpMethod { GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, TRACE; }
exceptions:指定哪些異常需要進行重試邏輯,默認值是java.io.IOException
代碼測試
就寫個接口,在接口中記錄請求次數,然后拋出一個異常模擬500,通過網關訪問這個接口,如果你配置了重試次數是3,那么接口中會輸出4次結果才是對的,證明重試生效了。
AtomicInteger ac = new AtomicInteger(); @GetMapping("/data") public HouseInfo getData(@RequestParam("name") String name) { if (StringUtils.isBlank(name)) { throw new RuntimeException("error"); } System.err.println(ac.addAndGet(1)); return new HouseInfo(1L, "上海", "虹口", "XX小區"); }
更多Spring Cloud代碼盡在:https://github.com/yinjihuan/spring-cloud
源碼欣賞
@Override public GatewayFilter apply(RetryConfig retryConfig) { // 驗證重試配置格式是否正確 retryConfig.validate(); Repeat<ServerWebExchange> statusCodeRepeat = null; if (!retryConfig.getStatuses().isEmpty() || !retryConfig.getSeries().isEmpty()) { Predicate<RepeatContext<ServerWebExchange>> repeatPredicate = context -> { ServerWebExchange exchange = context.applicationContext(); // 判斷重試次數是否已經達到了配置的最大值 if (exceedsMaxIterations(exchange, retryConfig)) { return false; } // 獲取響應的狀態碼 HttpStatus statusCode = exchange.getResponse().getStatusCode(); // 獲取請求方法類型 HttpMethod httpMethod = exchange.getRequest().getMethod(); // 判斷響應狀態碼是否在配置中存在 boolean retryableStatusCode = retryConfig.getStatuses().contains(statusCode); if (!retryableStatusCode && statusCode != null) { // null status code might mean a network exception? // try the series retryableStatusCode = retryConfig.getSeries().stream() .anyMatch(series -> statusCode.series().equals(series)); } // 判斷方法是否包含在配置中 boolean retryableMethod = retryConfig.getMethods().contains(httpMethod); // 決定是否要進行重試 return retryableMethod && retryableStatusCode; }; statusCodeRepeat = Repeat.onlyIf(repeatPredicate) .doOnRepeat(context -> reset(context.applicationContext())); } //TODO: support timeout, backoff, jitter, etc... in Builder Retry<ServerWebExchange> exceptionRetry = null; if (!retryConfig.getExceptions().isEmpty()) { Predicate<RetryContext<ServerWebExchange>> retryContextPredicate = context -> { if (exceedsMaxIterations(context.applicationContext(), retryConfig)) { return false; } // 異常判斷 for (Class<? extends Throwable> clazz : retryConfig.getExceptions()) { if (clazz.isInstance(context.exception())) { return true; } } return false; }; // 使用reactor extra的retry組件 exceptionRetry = Retry.onlyIf(retryContextPredicate) .doOnRetry(context -> reset(context.applicationContext())) .retryMax(retryConfig.getRetries()); } return apply(statusCodeRepeat, exceptionRetry); } public boolean exceedsMaxIterations(ServerWebExchange exchange, RetryConfig retryConfig) { Integer iteration = exchange.getAttribute(RETRY_ITERATION_KEY); //TODO: deal with null iteration return iteration != null && iteration >= retryConfig.getRetries(); } public void reset(ServerWebExchange exchange) { //TODO: what else to do to reset SWE? exchange.getAttributes().remove(ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_ALREADY_ROUTED_ATTR); } public GatewayFilter apply(Repeat<ServerWebExchange> repeat, Retry<ServerWebExchange> retry) { return (exchange, chain) -> { if (log.isTraceEnabled()) { log.trace("Entering retry-filter"); } // chain.filter returns a Mono<Void> Publisher<Void> publisher = chain.filter(exchange) //.log("retry-filter", Level.INFO) .doOnSuccessOrError((aVoid, throwable) -> { // 獲取已經重試的次數,默認值為-1 int iteration = exchange.getAttributeOrDefault(RETRY_ITERATION_KEY, -1); // 增加重試次數 exchange.getAttributes().put(RETRY_ITERATION_KEY, iteration + 1); }); if (retry != null) { // retryWhen returns a Mono<Void> // retry needs to go before repeat publisher = ((Mono<Void>)publisher).retryWhen(retry.withApplicationContext(exchange)); } if (repeat != null) { // repeatWhen returns a Flux<Void> // so this needs to be last and the variable a Publisher<Void> publisher = ((Mono<Void>)publisher).repeatWhen(repeat.withApplicationContext(exchange)); } return Mono.fromDirect(publisher); }; }
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持億速云。
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