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這篇文章主要介紹了Spring Bean裝載方式代碼實例解析,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細,對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值,需要的朋友可以參考下
Bean的裝配方式
Bean的裝配可以理解為依賴關系注入
基于XML的裝配
a) 設值注入
i.要求:
b) 構造注入
package com.itheima.assemble; import java.util.List; public class User { private String username; private Integer password; private List<String> List; /* * 1.使用構造注入 * 1.1提供所有帶參數的有參構造方法 */ public User(String username,Integer password,List<String> List){ super(); this.username = username; this.password = password; this.List = List; } /* * 2.使用設值注入 * 2.1提供默認空構造方法 * 2.2為所有屬性提供setter方法 */ public User(){ } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public void setPassword(Integer password) { this.password = password; } public void setList(List<String> list) { List = list; } @Override /* * (non-Javadoc) * @see java.lang.Object#toString() * 為了輸出是看到結果,重寫toString()方法 */ public String toString() { return "User [username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", List=" + List + "]"; } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!-- 1.使用構造注入方式裝配User實例 --> <bean id="user1" class="com.itheima.assemble.User"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="tom"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1" value="123456"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <list> <value>"constructorvalue1"</value> <value>"constructorvalue2"</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 2.使用設值注入裝配User實例 --> <bean id="user2" class="com.itheima.assemble.User"> <property name="username" value="張三"></property> <property name="password" value="654321"></property> <!-- 注入list集合 --> <property name="list"> <list> <value>"setlistvalue1"</value> <value>"setlistvalue2"</value> </list> </property> </bean> </beans>
<constructor -arg >元素用于定義構造方法的參數,子元素<Iist>來為Use r 類中對應的list集合屬性注入值。
其中<property>元素用于調用Bean實例中的setter方法完成屬性賦值,從而完成依賴注入。
package com.itheima.assemble; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class XmlBeanAssembleTest { public static void main(String[] args) { //定義配置文件路徑 String xmlPath = "com/itheima/assemble/beans5.xml"; //加載配置文件 ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xmlPath); //構造方式輸出結果 System.out.println("構造方式:"); System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean("user1")); //設值方式輸出結果 System.out.println("設值方式:"); System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean("user2")); } }
2.基于Annotation的裝配
package com.itheima.annotation; public interface UserDao { public void save(); }
package com.itheima.annotation; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; @Repository("userDao") public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{ public void save(){ System.out.println("userdao...save..."); } }
先使用@Repository 注解將UserDaolmpl 類標識為Spring 中的Bean,其寫法相當于配置文件中<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserDaolmpl"/>
package com.itheima.annotation; public interface UserService { public void save(); }
package com.itheima.annotation; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service("userService") public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{ @Resource(name="userDao") private UserDao userDao; @Override public void save() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //調用userDao中的save()方法 this.userDao.save(); System.out.println("userservice...save..."); } public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; } }
@Service 注解將UserServicelmpl 類標識為Spring中的Bean,這相當于配置文件中<bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserServicelmpl”/> 的編寫;然后使用@Resource 注解標注在屬性userDao上,這相當于配置文件中<property name="userDao" ref="userDao“/>的寫法。
package com.itheima.annotation; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; @Controller("userController") public class UserController { @Resource(name="userService") private UserService userService; public void save(){ this.userService.save(); System.out.println("userControlle...save..."); } public void setUserService(UserService userService) { this.userService = userService; } }
Controller 注解標注了UserController 類,這相當于在配置文件中編寫<bean id="userControll er" class="com .itheima.annotation.UserController"/>; 然后使用了@Resource 注解標注在userService 屬性上,這相當于在配置文件中編寫<propertyname="userService" ref="userService" />
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"> <!-- 使用context命名空間,在配置文件中開啟相應的注釋處理器 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.annotation"></context:component-scan> </beans>
package com.itheima.annotation; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class AnnotationAssembleTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String xmlPath = "com/itheima/annotation/beans6.xml"; ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xmlPath); //獲取UserController實例 UserController userController = (UserController)applicationContext.getBean("userController"); //調用UserController中的save()方法 userController.save(); } }
3.自動裝配
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"> <!-- 使用bean元素的autowire屬性完成自動裝配 --> <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserDaoImpl"></bean> <bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"></bean> <bean id="userController" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserController" autowire="byName"></bean> </beans>
增加了autowire 屬性,并將其屬性值設置為byName 。在默認情況下,配置文件中需要通過ref 來裝配Bean ,但設置了autowire=" byName"后,Spring 會自動尋找userServiceBean 中的屬性,并將其屬性名稱與配置文件中定義的Bean 做匹配。由于UserServicelmpl 中定義了userDao 屬'性及其setter 方法,這與配置文件中id 為userDao 的Bean 相匹配,所以Spring會自動地將id 為userDao 的Bean 裝配到id 為userService 的Bean 中。
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持億速云。
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