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單生產者與單消費者
示例:
public class ProduceConsume { public static void main(String[] args) { String lock = new String(""); Produce produce = new Produce(lock); Consume consume = new Consume(lock); new Thread(() -> { while (true) { produce.setValue(); } }, "ProductThread").start(); new Thread(() -> { while (true) { consume.getValue(); } }, "ConsumeThread").start(); } /** * 生產者 */ static class Produce { private String lock; public Produce(String lock) { this.lock = lock; } public void setValue() { try { synchronized (lock) { if (!ValueObject.value.equals("")) { lock.wait(); } String value = System.currentTimeMillis() + "_" + System.nanoTime(); System.out.println("set的值是" + value); ValueObject.value = value; lock.notify(); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 消費者 */ static class Consume { private String lock; public Consume(String lock) { this.lock = lock; } public void getValue() { try { synchronized (lock) { if (ValueObject.value.equals("")) { lock.wait(); } System.out.println("get的值是" + ValueObject.value); ValueObject.value = ""; lock.notify(); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } static class ValueObject { public static String value = ""; } }
執行結果如下:
多生產者與多消費者
這種模式下,容易出現“假死”,也就是全部線程都進入了 WAITNG 狀態,程序不在執行任何業務功能了,整個項目呈停止狀態。
示例:
public class MultiProduceConsume { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { String lock = new String(""); Produce produce = new Produce(lock); Consume consume = new Consume(lock); Thread[] pThread = new Thread[2]; Thread[] cThread = new Thread[2]; for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { pThread[i] = new Thread(() -> { while (true) { produce.setValue(); } }, "生產者" + (i + 1)); cThread[i] = new Thread(() -> { while (true) { consume.getValue(); } }, "消費者" + (i + 1)); pThread[i].start(); cThread[i].start(); } Thread.sleep(5000); Thread[] threadArray = new Thread[Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount()]; Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().enumerate(threadArray); for (int i = 0; i < threadArray.length; i++) { System.out.println(threadArray[i].getName() + " " + threadArray[i].getState()); } } static class Produce { private String lock; public Produce(String lock) { this.lock = lock; } public void setValue() { try { synchronized (lock) { while(!ValueObject.value.equals("")) { System.out.println("生產者 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " WAITING了⭐"); lock.wait(); } System.out.println("生產者 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " RUNNABLE了"); String value = System.currentTimeMillis() + "_" + System.nanoTime(); ValueObject.value = value; lock.notify(); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } static class Consume { private String lock; public Consume(String lock) { this.lock = lock; } public void getValue() { try { synchronized (lock) { while (ValueObject.value.equals("")) { System.out.println("消費者 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " WAITING了⭐"); lock.wait(); } System.out.println("消費者 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "RUNNABLE了"); ValueObject.value = ""; lock.notify(); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } static class ValueObject { public static String value = ""; } }
運行結果如圖:
分析:
雖然代碼中通過 wait/notify 進行通信了,但是不能保證 notify 喚醒的一定是異類,也可能是同類,比如“生產者”喚醒了“生產者”這樣的情況。
解決方案:
假死出現的主要原因是有可能連續喚醒了同類。所以解決方案很簡單,就是把 notify() 改為 notifyAll() 即可。
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