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這篇文章主要講解了SpringBoot+WebSocket+Netty實現消息推送的方法,內容清晰明了,對此有興趣的小伙伴可以學習一下,相信大家閱讀完之后會有幫助。
大概實現思路:
下面是具體的代碼實現,基本上每一步操作都配有注釋說明,配合注釋看應該還是比較容易理解的。
第零步:引入Netty的依賴,和一個工具包(只用到了json工具,可用其他json工具代替)
<dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>4.1.33.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId> <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId> <version>5.2.3</version> </dependency>
第一步:在NettyConfig中定義一個channel組,管理所有的channel,再定義一個map,管理用戶與channel的對應關系。
package com.sixj.nettypush.config; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup; import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup; import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-15:07 */ public class NettyConfig { /** * 定義一個channel組,管理所有的channel * GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE 是全局的事件執行器,是一個單例 */ private static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE); /** * 存放用戶與Chanel的對應信息,用于給指定用戶發送消息 */ private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> userChannelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private NettyConfig() {} /** * 獲取channel組 * @return */ public static ChannelGroup getChannelGroup() { return channelGroup; } /** * 獲取用戶channel map * @return */ public static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> getUserChannelMap(){ return userChannelMap; } }
第二步:創建NettyServer,定義兩個EventLoopGroup,bossGroup輔助客戶端的tcp連接請求, workGroup負責與客戶端之前的讀寫操作,需要說明的是,需要開啟一個新的線程來執行netty server,要不然會阻塞主線程,到時候就無法調用項目的其他controller接口了。
package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler; import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder; import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; import javax.annotation.PreDestroy; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:44 */ @Component public class NettyServer{ private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class); /** * webSocket協議名 */ private static final String WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "WebSocket"; /** * 端口號 */ @Value("${webSocket.netty.port:58080}") private int port; /** * webSocket路徑 */ @Value("${webSocket.netty.path:/webSocket}") private String webSocketPath; @Autowired private WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler; private EventLoopGroup bossGroup; private EventLoopGroup workGroup; /** * 啟動 * @throws InterruptedException */ private void start() throws InterruptedException { bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); // bossGroup輔助客戶端的tcp連接請求, workGroup負責與客戶端之前的讀寫操作 bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workGroup); // 設置NIO類型的channel bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class); // 設置監聽端口 bootstrap.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port)); // 連接到達時會創建一個通道 bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { // 流水線管理通道中的處理程序(Handler),用來處理業務 // webSocket協議本身是基于http協議的,所以這邊也要使用http編解碼器 ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ObjectEncoder()); // 以塊的方式來寫的處理器 ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler()); /* 說明: 1、http數據在傳輸過程中是分段的,HttpObjectAggregator可以將多個段聚合 2、這就是為什么,當瀏覽器發送大量數據時,就會發送多次http請求 */ ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192)); /* 說明: 1、對應webSocket,它的數據是以幀(frame)的形式傳遞 2、瀏覽器請求時 ws://localhost:58080/xxx 表示請求的uri 3、核心功能是將http協議升級為ws協議,保持長連接 */ ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler(webSocketPath, WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL, true, 65536 * 10)); // 自定義的handler,處理業務邏輯 ch.pipeline().addLast(webSocketHandler); } }); // 配置完成,開始綁定server,通過調用sync同步方法阻塞直到綁定成功 ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind().sync(); log.info("Server started and listen on:{}",channelFuture.channel().localAddress()); // 對關閉通道進行監聽 channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } /** * 釋放資源 * @throws InterruptedException */ @PreDestroy public void destroy() throws InterruptedException { if(bossGroup != null){ bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync(); } if(workGroup != null){ workGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync(); } } @PostConstruct() public void init() { //需要開啟一個新的線程來執行netty server 服務器 new Thread(() -> { try { start(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }).start(); } }
第三步: 具體實現業務的WebSocketHandler,具體實現邏輯看注釋
package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket; import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject; import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil; import com.sixj.nettypush.config.NettyConfig; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame; import io.netty.util.AttributeKey; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * TextWebSocketFrame類型, 表示一個文本幀 * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:47 */ @Component @ChannelHandler.Sharable public class WebSocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class); /** * 一旦連接,第一個被執行 * @param ctx * @throws Exception */ @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.info("handlerAdded 被調用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText()); // 添加到channelGroup 通道組 NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().add(ctx.channel()); } /** * 讀取數據 */ @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception { log.info("服務器收到消息:{}",msg.text()); // 獲取用戶ID,關聯channel JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseObj(msg.text()); String uid = jsonObject.getStr("uid"); NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().put(uid,ctx.channel()); // 將用戶ID作為自定義屬性加入到channel中,方便隨時channel中獲取用戶ID AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId"); ctx.channel().attr(key).setIfAbsent(uid); // 回復消息 ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服務器連接成功!")); } @Override public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.info("handlerRemoved 被調用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText()); // 刪除通道 NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel()); removeUserId(ctx); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { log.info("異常:{}",cause.getMessage()); // 刪除通道 NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel()); removeUserId(ctx); ctx.close(); } /** * 刪除用戶與channel的對應關系 * @param ctx */ private void removeUserId(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){ AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId"); String userId = ctx.channel().attr(key).get(); NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().remove(userId); } } **第四步:**具體消息推送的接口 public interface PushService { /** * 推送給指定用戶 * @param userId * @param msg */ void pushMsgToOne(String userId,String msg); /** * 推送給所有用戶 * @param msg */ void pushMsgToAll(String msg); }
接口實現類:
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:10 */ @Service public class PushServiceImpl implements PushService { @Override public void pushMsgToOne(String userId, String msg){ ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel> userChannelMap = NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap(); Channel channel = userChannelMap.get(userId); channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg)); } @Override public void pushMsgToAll(String msg){ NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg)); } }
controller:
package com.sixj.nettypush.controller; import com.sixj.nettypush.service.PushService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:08 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/push") public class PushController { @Autowired private PushService pushService; /** * 推送給所有用戶 * @param msg */ @PostMapping("/pushAll") public void pushToAll(@RequestParam("msg") String msg){ pushService.pushMsgToAll(msg); } /** * 推送給指定用戶 * @param userId * @param msg */ @PostMapping("/pushOne") public void pushMsgToOne(@RequestParam("userId") String userId,@RequestParam("msg") String msg){ pushService.pushMsgToOne(userId,msg); } }
第五步:前端html頁面
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <script> var socket; // 判斷當前瀏覽器是否支持webSocket if(window.WebSocket){ socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.174.25:58080/webSocket") // 相當于channel的read事件,ev 收到服務器回送的消息 socket.onmessage = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + ev.data; } // 相當于連接開啟 socket.onopen = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = "連接開啟了..." socket.send( JSON.stringify({ // 連接成功將,用戶ID傳給服務端 uid: "123456" }) ); } // 相當于連接關閉 socket.onclose = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + "連接關閉了..."; } }else{ alert("當前瀏覽器不支持webSocket") } </script> <form onsubmit="return false"> <textarea id="responseText" ></textarea> <input type="button" value="清空內容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''"> </form> </body> </html>
目前為止,所有代碼已經寫完了,測試一下
首先運行這個html文件,會看到服務端給前端返回的消息“服務器連接成功了!”,后端日志會打印服務器收到消息:{"uid":"123456"}
然后使用postman測試推送的接口
測試成功,打完收工
看完上述內容,是不是對SpringBoot+WebSocket+Netty實現消息推送的方法有進一步的了解,如果還想學習更多內容,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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