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這篇文章將為大家詳細講解有關JavaScript數據結構之單鏈表和循環鏈表的示例分析,小編覺得挺實用的,因此分享給大家做個參考,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲。
鏈表是一種物理存儲單元上非線性、非連續性的數據結構(它在數據邏輯上是線性的),它的每個節點由兩個域組成:數據域和指針域。數據域中存儲實際數據,指針域則存儲著指針信息,指向鏈表中的下一個元素或者上一個元素。正是由于指針的存在,鏈表的存儲在物理單元是非連續性的。
鏈表的優點和缺點同樣明顯。和線性表相比,鏈表在添加和刪除節點上的效率更高,因為其只需要修改指針信息即可完成操作,而不像線性表(數組)那樣需要移動元素。同樣的,鏈表的長度在理論上也是無限的(在存儲器容量范圍內),并可以動態變化長度,相比線性表優勢很大。 相應的,由于線性表無法隨機訪問節點,只能通過指針順著鏈表進行遍歷查詢來訪問,故其訪問數據元素的效率比較低。
下面是JS部分
這里面封裝了的常用方法及描述:
方法 | 描述 |
---|---|
append(element) | 向鏈表尾部添加結點element |
insert(position,element) | 向位置position處插入結點element |
removeAt(position) | 按照索引值position刪除結點 |
remove(element) | 搜索并刪除給定結點element |
remove() | 刪除鏈表中最后一個結點 |
indexOf(element) | 查找并返回給定結點element的索引值 |
isEmpty() | 判斷鏈表是否為空 |
size() | 獲取鏈表長度 |
toString() | 轉換為字符串輸出 |
getHead() | 獲取頭結點 |
getTail() | 獲取尾結點 |
對于各常用方法的算法描述在這里就不寫了,相信大家都可以輕易讀懂并理解,畢竟都是非常基礎的知識了。
單鏈表:
function LinkedList(){ /*節點定義*/ var Node = function(element){ this.element = element; //存放節點內容 this.next = null; //指針 } var length = 0, //存放鏈表長度 head = null; //頭指針 this.append = function(element){ var node = new Node(element), current; //操作所用指針 if (!head){ head = node; }else { current = head; while(current.next){ current = current.next; } current.next = node; } length++; return true; }; this.insert = function(position, element){ if (position >= 0 && position <= length) { var node = new Node(element), current = head, previous, index = 0; if(position === 0){ node.next = current; head = node; }else{ while(index++ < position){ previous = current; current = current.next; } node.next = current; previous.next = node; } length++; return true; }else{ return false; } }; this.removeAt = function(position){ if(position > -1 && position < length){ var current = head, previous, index = 0; if (position === 0) { head = current.next; }else{ while (index++ < position){ previous = current; current = current.next; } previous.next = current.next; }; length--; return current.element; }else{ return null; } }; this.remove = function(element){ var current = head, previous; if(element === current.element){ head = current.next; length--; return true; } previous = current; current = current.next; while(current){ if(element === current.element){ previous.next = current.next; length--; return true; }else{ previous = current; current = current.next; } } return false; }; this.remove = function(){ if(length < 1){ return false; } var current = head, previous; if(length == 1){ head = null; length--; return current.element; } while(current.next !== null){ previous = current; current = current.next; } previous.next = null; length--; return current.element; }; this.indexOf = function(element){ var current = head, index = 0; while(current){ if(element === current.element){ return index; } index++; current = current.next; } return false; }; this.isEmpty = function(){ return length === 0; }; this.size = function(){ return length; }; this.toString = function(){ var current = head, string = ''; while(current){ string += current.element; current = current.next; } return string; }; this.getHead = function(){ return head; } }
循環鏈表:在單鏈表的基礎上,將尾節點的指針指向頭結點,就構成了一個循環鏈表。環形鏈表從任意一個節點開始,都可以遍歷整個鏈表。
function CircularLinkedList(){ var Node = function(element){ this.element = element; this.next = null; } var length = 0, head = null; this.append = function(element){ var node = new Node(element), current; if (!head) { head = node; node.next = head; }else{ current = head; while(current.next !== head){ current = current.next; } current.next = node; node.next = head; }; length++; return true; }; this.insert = function(position, element){ if(position > -1 && position < length){ var node = new Node(element), index = 0, current = head, previous; if (position === 0) { node.next = head; head = node; }else{ while(index++ < position){ previous = current; current = current.next; } previous.next = node; node.next = current; }; length++; return true; }else{ return false; } }; this.removeAt = function(position){ if(position > -1 && position < length){ var current = head, previous, index = 0; if (position === 0) { head = current.next; }else{ while (index++ < position){ previous = current; current = current.next; } previous.next = current.next; }; length--; return current.element; }else{ return null; } }; this.remove = function (element){ var current = head, previous, indexCheck = 0; while(current && indexCheck < length){ if(current.element === element){ if(indexCheck == 0){ head = current.next; length--; return true; }else{ previous.next = current.next; length--; return true; } }else{ previous = current; current = current.next; indexCheck++; } } return false; }; this.remove = function(){ if(length === 0){ return false; } var current = head, previous, indexCheck = 0; if(length === 1){ head = null; length--; return current.element; } while(indexCheck++ < length){ previous = current; current = current.next; } previous.next = head; length--; return current.element; }; this.indexOf = function(element){ var current = head, index = 0; while(current && index < length){ if(current.element === element){ return index; }else{ index++; current = current.next; } } return false; }; this.isEmpty = function(){ return length === 0; }; this.size = function(){ return length; }; this.toString = function(){ var current = head, string = '', indexCheck = 0; while(current && indexCheck < length){ string += current.element; current = current.next; indexCheck++; } return string; }; }
使用方法:
在類外部擴充方法:
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