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今天在慕課網上學習了有關于python操作MySQL的相關知識,在此做些總結。python操作數據庫還是相對比較簡單的,由于python統一了各個數據庫的接口程序,也就是所謂的Python DB,所以無論使用何種數據可,都可以用統一的接口對數據庫進行操作。操作中主要涉及connection對象的操作和cursor的操作,前者主要是為了建立起python與數據庫的數據交換通道,后者則是訪問數據的游標,也可以理解為指針。數據庫的相關結構化語言在Python中均是以字符串的形式呈現的。另外注意rollback的重要性,一旦操作失敗,所有操作都要回滾到之前的狀態,否則會發生錯誤。
另外,在編寫實例的時候,對于面向對象的編程思路又有了新的認識,自頂向下的程序編寫模式非常有利于拆分程序的功能,分而治之。面向對象的封裝性在此提醒的淋漓盡致!
代碼如下,在原有基礎上,我又增加了添加記錄的功能。
#coding=utf8 import MySQLdb import sys class TranseferMonet(object): def __init__(self,conn): self.conn = conn def createNewUser(self,userID,money): cursor = self.conn.cursor() try: sql = 'INSERT account VALUES(%s,%s)' %(str(userID),str(money)) cursor.execute(sql) self.conn.commit() except Exception as e: self.conn.rollback() raise e def transferMoney(self,transeferID,recivierID,money): try: self.checkID(transeferID) self.checkID(receiverID) self.checkEnoughMoney(transferID,money) self.subMoney(transferID,money) self.addMoney(receiverID,money) self.conn.commit() except Exception as e: self.conn.rollback() raise e def checkID(self,userID): cursor = self.conn.cursor() try: sql = 'SELECT userID FROM account WHERE userID = %s' %str(userID) cursor.execute(sql) rs = cursor.fetchall() if len(rs) != 1: raise Exception("ID錯誤!") finally: cursor.close() def checkEnoughMoney(self,transferID,money): cursor = self.conn.cursor() try: sql = 'SELECT money FROM account WHERE userID = %s and money >= %s' %(str(transferID),str(money)) cursor.execute(sql) rs = cursor.fetchall() if len(rs) != 1: raise Exception("余額不足!") finally: cursor.close() def subMoney(self,transferID,money): cursor = self.conn.cursor() try: sql = 'UPDATE account SET money = money-%s WHERE userID = %s' %(str(money),str(transferID)) cursor.execute(sql) if cursor.rowcount != 1: raise Exception('減款失敗!') finally: cursor.close() def addMoney(self,receiverID,money): cursor = self.conn.cursor() try: sql = 'UPDATE account SET money = money+%s WHERE userID = %s' %(str(money),str(receiverID)) cursor.execute(sql) if cursor.rowcount != 1: raise Exception('加款失敗!') finally: cursor.close() if __name__=="__main__": transferID = 2002 receiverID = 2001 money = 300 newID = 2003 newmoney = 900 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1',port = 3306,user = 'root',passwd = '914767195',db = 'test',charset = 'utf8') trMoney = TranseferMonet(conn) try: trMoney.transferMoney(transferID,receiverID,money) except Exception as e: print "轉賬錯誤"+str(e) try: trMoney.createNewUser(newID,newmoney) except Exception as e: print "創建用戶失敗!"+str(e) finally: conn.close()
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