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這篇文章主要介紹Python中如何查看當前的進程在干什么,文中介紹的非常詳細,具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完!
signal
在代碼中,我們可以使用 signal 為進程預先注冊一個信號接收器,在進程接收到特定信號的時候,可以打印方法棧:
import traceback, signal class Debugger(): def __init__(self, logger): self._logger = logger def log_stack_trace(self, sig, frame): d={'_frame':frame} d.update(frame.f_globals) d.update(frame.f_locals) messages = "Signal received. Stack trace:\n" messages += ''.join(traceback.format_stack(frame)) self._logger.warn(messages) def listen(self): signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, self.log_stack_trace)
通過調用上面的 listen 方法(比如 new Debug(logger).listen()),就將一個可以接收 SIGUSR1 并打印方法棧的接收器注冊到當前進程了。這里是打印方法棧,但是實際上可以做任何事,因為方法執行的當前,上下文已經跑到進程里面了。
那么怎么向進程發送信號呢?和 JVM 的方法類似,可以通過操作系統命令來發送:
kill -30 pid
這里的信號為什么是 30?這是因為 SIGUSR1 被當前操作系統定義成 30(請注意不同的操作系統這個映射表是可能不同的),這點可以通過 man signal 查看:
No Name Default Action Description SIGHUP terminate process terminal line hangup SIGINT terminate process interrupt program SIGQUIT create core image quit program SIGILL create core image illegal instruction SIGTRAP create core image trace trap SIGABRT create core image abort program (formerly SIGIOT) SIGEMT create core image emulate instruction executed SIGFPE create core image floating-point exception SIGKILL terminate process kill program SIGBUS create core image bus error SIGSEGV create core image segmentation violation SIGSYS create core image non-existent system call invoked SIGPIPE terminate process write on a pipe with no reader SIGALRM terminate process real-time timer expired SIGTERM terminate process software termination signal SIGURG discard signal urgent condition present on socket SIGSTOP stop process stop (cannot be caught or ignored) SIGTSTP stop process stop signal generated from keyboard SIGCONT discard signal continue after stop SIGCHLD discard signal child status has changed SIGTTIN stop process background read attempted from control terminal SIGTTOU stop process background write attempted to control terminal SIGIO discard signal I/O is possible on a descriptor (see fcntl(2)) SIGXCPU terminate process cpu time limit exceeded (see setrlimit(2)) SIGXFSZ terminate process file size limit exceeded (see setrlimit(2)) SIGVTALRM terminate process virtual time alarm (see setitimer(2)) SIGPROF terminate process profiling timer alarm (see setitimer(2)) SIGWINCH discard signal Window size change SIGINFO discard signal status request from keyboard SIGUSR1 terminate process User defined signal 1 SIGUSR2 terminate process User defined signal 2
當然,也可以寫一點點 python 腳本來發送這個信號:
import os, signal os.kill($PID, signal.SIGUSR1)
原理是一樣的。
strace
如果進程已經無響應了,或者上面的信號接收器沒有注冊,那么就要考慮別的方法來或者“進程在干什么”這件事情了。其中,一個有用的命令是 strace:
strace -p pid
比如,我自己寫了一個測試腳本 t.py,使用 python 執行,然后調用 sleep,再給它發送一個 SIGUSR1 的消息,它打印方法棧并退出。這整個過程,我使用 strace 可以得到這樣的結果:
strace -p 9157 strace: Process 9157 attached select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, {9999943, 62231}) = ? ERESTARTNOHAND (To be restarted if no handler) --- SIGUSR1 {si_signo=SIGUSR1, si_code=SI_USER, si_pid=9273, si_uid=9007} --- rt_sigreturn({mask=[]}) = -1 EINTR (Interrupted system call) stat("t.py", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1281, ...}) = 0 open("t.py", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1281, ...}) = 0 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1281, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f631e866000 read(3, "import traceback, signal, time\n "..., 8192) = 1281 read(3, "", 4096) = 0 close(3) = 0 munmap(0x7f631e866000, 4096) = 0 stat("t.py", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1281, ...}) = 0 write(1, "Signal received. Stack trace:\n "..., 134) = 134 write(1, "\n", 1) = 1 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x7f631e06f5d0}, {0x7f631e392680, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x7f631e06f5d0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGUSR1, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x7f631e06f5d0}, {0x7f631e392680, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x7f631e06f5d0}, 8) = 0 exit_group(0) = ? +++ exited with 0 +++
可以看到從 strace attached 開始,到進程退出,所有重要的調用都被打印出來了。
在 iOS 下,沒有 strace,但是可以使用類似的(更好的)命令 dtruss。
lsof
lsof 可以打印某進程打開的文件,而 Linux 下面一切都是文件,因此查看打開的文件列表有時可以獲取很多額外的信息。比如,打開前面提到的這個測試進程:
lsof -p 16872 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME Python 16872 xxx cwd DIR 1,5 2688 1113586 /Users/xxx Python 16872 xxx txt REG 1,5 51744 10627527 /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python Python 16872 xxx txt REG 1,5 52768 10631046 /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_locale.so Python 16872 xxx txt REG 1,5 65952 10631134 /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/time.so Python 16872 xxx txt REG 1,5 841440 10690598 /usr/lib/dyld Python 16872 xxx txt REG 1,5 1170079744 10705794 /private/var/db/dyld/dyld_shared_cache_x86_64h Python 16872 xxx 0u CHR 16,2 0t39990 649 /dev/ttys002 Python 16872 xxx 1u CHR 16,2 0t39990 649 /dev/ttys002 Python 16872 xxx 2u CHR 16,2 0t39990 649 /dev/ttys002
它有幾個參數很常用,比如-i,用來指定網絡文件(如果是“-i: 端口號”這樣的形式還可以指定端口)。
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