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這篇文章主要介紹了Tomcat中Session管理的示例分析,具有一定借鑒價值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
Tomcat Manager介紹
在Tomcat的context.xml中配置了Session管理器RedisSessionManager,實現了通過redis來存儲session的功能;Tomcat本身提供了多種Session管理器,如下類圖:
1.Manager接口類
定義了用來管理session的基本接口,包括:createSession,findSession,add,remove等對session操作的方法;還有getMaxActive,setMaxActive,getActiveSessions活躍會話的管理;還有Session有效期的接口;以及與Container相關聯的接口;
2.ManagerBase抽象類
實現了Manager接口,提供了基本的功能,使用ConcurrentHashMap存放session,提供了對session的create,find,add,remove功能,并且在createSession中了使用類SessionIdGenerator來生成會話id,作為session的唯一標識;
3.ClusterManager接口類
實現了Manager接口,集群session的管理器,Tomcat內置的集群服務器之間的session復制功能;
4.ClusterManagerBase抽象類
繼承了ManagerBase抽象類,實現ClusterManager接口類,實現session復制基本功能;
5.PersistentManagerBase抽象類
繼承了ManagerBase抽象類,實現了session管理器持久化的基本功能;內部有一個Store存儲類,具體實現有:FileStore和JDBCStore;
6.StandardManager類
繼承ManagerBase抽象類,Tomcat默認的Session管理器(單機版);對session提供了持久化功能,tomcat關閉的時候會將session保存到javax.servlet.context.tempdir路徑下的SESSIONS.ser文件中,啟動的時候會從此文件中加載session;
7.PersistentManager類
繼承PersistentManagerBase抽象類,如果session空閑時間過長,將空閑session轉換為存儲,所以在findsession時會首先從內存中獲取session,獲取不到會多一步到store中獲取,這也是PersistentManager類和StandardManager類的區別;
8.DeltaManager類
繼承ClusterManagerBase,每一個節點session發生變更(增刪改),都會通知其他所有節點,其他所有節點進行更新操作,任何一個session在每個節點都有備份;
9.BackupManager類
繼承ClusterManagerBase,會話數據只有一個備份節點,這個備份節點的位置集群中所有節點都可見;相比較DeltaManager數據傳輸量較小,當集群規模比較大時DeltaManager的數據傳輸量會非常大;
10.RedisSessionManager類
繼承ManagerBase抽象類,非Tomcat內置的管理器,使用redis集中存儲session,省去了節點之間的session復制,依賴redis的可靠性,比起sessin復制擴展性更好;
Session的生命周期
1.解析獲取requestedSessionId
當我們在類中通過request.getSession()時,tomcat是如何處理的,可以查看Request中的doGetSession方法:
protected Session doGetSession(boolean create) { // There cannot be a session if no context has been assigned yet Context context = getContext(); if (context == null) { return (null); } // Return the current session if it exists and is valid if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) { session = null; } if (session != null) { return (session); } // Return the requested session if it exists and is valid Manager manager = context.getManager(); if (manager == null) { return null; // Sessions are not supported } if (requestedSessionId != null) { try { session = manager.findSession(requestedSessionId); } catch (IOException e) { session = null; } if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) { session = null; } if (session != null) { session.access(); return (session); } } // Create a new session if requested and the response is not committed if (!create) { return (null); } if ((response != null) && context.getServletContext().getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes(). contains(SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE) && response.getResponse().isCommitted()) { throw new IllegalStateException (sm.getString("coyoteRequest.sessionCreateCommitted")); } // Re-use session IDs provided by the client in very limited // circumstances. String sessionId = getRequestedSessionId(); if (requestedSessionSSL) { // If the session ID has been obtained from the SSL handshake then // use it. } else if (("/".equals(context.getSessionCookiePath()) && isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie())) { /* This is the common(ish) use case: using the same session ID with * multiple web applications on the same host. Typically this is * used by Portlet implementations. It only works if sessions are * tracked via cookies. The cookie must have a path of "/" else it * won't be provided for requests to all web applications. * * Any session ID provided by the client should be for a session * that already exists somewhere on the host. Check if the context * is configured for this to be confirmed. */ if (context.getValidateClientProvidedNewSessionId()) { boolean found = false; for (Container container : getHost().findChildren()) { Manager m = ((Context) container).getManager(); if (m != null) { try { if (m.findSession(sessionId) != null) { found = true; break; } } catch (IOException e) { // Ignore. Problems with this manager will be // handled elsewhere. } } } if (!found) { sessionId = null; } } } else { sessionId = null; } session = manager.createSession(sessionId); // Creating a new session cookie based on that session if ((session != null) && (getContext() != null) && getContext().getServletContext(). getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes().contains( SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE)) { Cookie cookie = ApplicationSessionCookieConfig.createSessionCookie( context, session.getIdInternal(), isSecure()); response.addSessionCookieInternal(cookie); } if (session == null) { return null; } session.access(); return session; }
如果session已經存在,則直接返回;如果不存在則判定requestedSessionId是否為空,如果不為空則通過requestedSessionId到Session manager中獲取session,如果為空,并且不是創建session操作,直接返回null;否則會調用Session manager創建一個新的session;
關于requestedSessionId是如何獲取的,Tomcat內部可以支持從cookie和url中獲取,具體可以查看CoyoteAdapter類的postParseRequest方法部分代碼:
String sessionID; if (request.getServletContext().getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes() .contains(SessionTrackingMode.URL)) { // Get the session ID if there was one sessionID = request.getPathParameter( SessionConfig.getSessionUriParamName( request.getContext())); if (sessionID != null) { request.setRequestedSessionId(sessionID); request.setRequestedSessionURL(true); } } // Look for session ID in cookies and SSL session parseSessionCookiesId(req, request);
可以發現首先去url解析sessionId,如果獲取不到則去cookie中獲取,此處的SessionUriParamName=jsessionid;在cookie被瀏覽器禁用的情況下,我們可以看到url后面跟著參數jsessionid=xxxxxx;下面看一下parseSessionCookiesId方法:
String sessionCookieName = SessionConfig.getSessionCookieName(context); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { ServerCookie scookie = serverCookies.getCookie(i); if (scookie.getName().equals(sessionCookieName)) { // Override anything requested in the URL if (!request.isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie()) { // Accept only the first session id cookie convertMB(scookie.getValue()); request.setRequestedSessionId (scookie.getValue().toString()); request.setRequestedSessionCookie(true); request.setRequestedSessionURL(false); if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug(" Requested cookie session id is " + request.getRequestedSessionId()); } } else { if (!request.isRequestedSessionIdValid()) { // Replace the session id until one is valid convertMB(scookie.getValue()); request.setRequestedSessionId (scookie.getValue().toString()); } } } }
sessionCookieName也是jsessionid,然后遍歷cookie,從里面找出name=jsessionid的值賦值給request的requestedSessionId屬性;
2.findSession查詢session
獲取到requestedSessionId之后,會通過此id去session Manager中獲取session,不同的管理器獲取的方式不一樣,已默認的StandardManager為例:
protected Map<String, Session> sessions = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Session>(); public Session findSession(String id) throws IOException { if (id == null) { return null; } return sessions.get(id); }
3.createSession創建session
沒有獲取到session,指定了create=true,則創建session,已默認的StandardManager為例:
public Session createSession(String sessionId) { if ((maxActiveSessions >= 0) && (getActiveSessions() >= maxActiveSessions)) { rejectedSessions++; throw new TooManyActiveSessionsException( sm.getString("managerBase.createSession.ise"), maxActiveSessions); } // Recycle or create a Session instance Session session = createEmptySession(); // Initialize the properties of the new session and return it session.setNew(true); session.setValid(true); session.setCreationTime(System.currentTimeMillis()); session.setMaxInactiveInterval(((Context) getContainer()).getSessionTimeout() * 60); String id = sessionId; if (id == null) { id = generateSessionId(); } session.setId(id); sessionCounter++; SessionTiming timing = new SessionTiming(session.getCreationTime(), 0); synchronized (sessionCreationTiming) { sessionCreationTiming.add(timing); sessionCreationTiming.poll(); } return (session); }
如果傳的sessionId為空,tomcat會生成一個唯一的sessionId,具體可以參考類StandardSessionIdGenerator的generateSessionId方法;這里發現創建完session之后并沒有把session放入ConcurrentHashMap中,其實在session.setId(id)中處理了,具體代碼如下:
public void setId(String id, boolean notify) { if ((this.id != null) && (manager != null)) manager.remove(this); this.id = id; if (manager != null) manager.add(this); if (notify) { tellNew(); } }
4.銷毀Session
Tomcat會定期檢測出不活躍的session,然后將其刪除,一方面session占用內存,另一方面是安全性的考慮;啟動tomcat的同時會啟動一個后臺線程用來檢測過期的session,具體可以查看ContainerBase的內部類ContainerBackgroundProcessor:
protected class ContainerBackgroundProcessor implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { Throwable t = null; String unexpectedDeathMessage = sm.getString( "containerBase.backgroundProcess.unexpectedThreadDeath", Thread.currentThread().getName()); try { while (!threadDone) { try { Thread.sleep(backgroundProcessorDelay * 1000L); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // Ignore } if (!threadDone) { Container parent = (Container) getMappingObject(); ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); if (parent.getLoader() != null) { cl = parent.getLoader().getClassLoader(); } processChildren(parent, cl); } } } catch (RuntimeException e) { t = e; throw e; } catch (Error e) { t = e; throw e; } finally { if (!threadDone) { log.error(unexpectedDeathMessage, t); } } } protected void processChildren(Container container, ClassLoader cl) { try { if (container.getLoader() != null) { Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader (container.getLoader().getClassLoader()); } container.backgroundProcess(); } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); log.error("Exception invoking periodic operation: ", t); } finally { Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl); } Container[] children = container.findChildren(); for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { if (children[i].getBackgroundProcessorDelay() <= 0) { processChildren(children[i], cl); } } } }
backgroundProcessorDelay默認值是10,也就是每10秒檢測一次,然后調用Container的backgroundProcess方法,此方法又調用Manager里面的backgroundProcess:
public void backgroundProcess() { count = (count + 1) % processExpiresFrequency; if (count == 0) processExpires(); } /** * Invalidate all sessions that have expired. */ public void processExpires() { long timeNow = System.currentTimeMillis(); Session sessions[] = findSessions(); int expireHere = 0 ; if(log.isDebugEnabled()) log.debug("Start expire sessions " + getName() + " at " + timeNow + " sessioncount " + sessions.length); for (int i = 0; i < sessions.length; i++) { if (sessions[i]!=null && !sessions[i].isValid()) { expireHere++; } } long timeEnd = System.currentTimeMillis(); if(log.isDebugEnabled()) log.debug("End expire sessions " + getName() + " processingTime " + (timeEnd - timeNow) + " expired sessions: " + expireHere); processingTime += ( timeEnd - timeNow ); }
processExpiresFrequency默認值是6,那其實最后就是6*10=60秒執行一次processExpires,具體如何檢測過期在session的isValid方法中:
public boolean isValid() { if (!this.isValid) { return false; } if (this.expiring) { return true; } if (ACTIVITY_CHECK && accessCount.get() > 0) { return true; } if (maxInactiveInterval > 0) { long timeNow = System.currentTimeMillis(); int timeIdle; if (LAST_ACCESS_AT_START) { timeIdle = (int) ((timeNow - lastAccessedTime) / 1000L); } else { timeIdle = (int) ((timeNow - thisAccessedTime) / 1000L); } if (timeIdle >= maxInactiveInterval) { expire(true); } } return this.isValid; }
主要是通過對比當前時間到上次活躍的時間是否超過了maxInactiveInterval,如果超過了就做expire處理;
Redis集中式管理Session分析
在上文中使用tomcat-redis-session-manager來管理session,下面來分析一下是如果通過redis來集中式管理Session的;圍繞session如何獲取,如何創建,何時更新到redis,以及何時被移除;
1.如何獲取
RedisSessionManager重寫了findSession方法
public Session findSession(String id) throws IOException { RedisSession session = null; if (null == id) { currentSessionIsPersisted.set(false); currentSession.set(null); currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(null); currentSessionId.set(null); } else if (id.equals(currentSessionId.get())) { session = currentSession.get(); } else { byte[] data = loadSessionDataFromRedis(id); if (data != null) { DeserializedSessionContainer container = sessionFromSerializedData(id, data); session = container.session; currentSession.set(session); currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(container.metadata); currentSessionIsPersisted.set(true); currentSessionId.set(id); } else { currentSessionIsPersisted.set(false); currentSession.set(null); currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(null); currentSessionId.set(null); } }
sessionId不為空的情況下,會先比較sessionId是否等于currentSessionId中的sessionId,如果等于則從currentSession中取出session,currentSessionId和currentSession都是ThreadLocal變量,這里并沒有直接從redis里面取數據,如果同一線程沒有去處理其他用戶信息,是可以直接從內存中取出的,提高了性能;最后才從redis里面獲取數據,從redis里面獲取的是一段二進制數據,需要進行反序列化操作,相關序列化和反序列化都在JavaSerializer類中:
public void deserializeInto(byte[] data, RedisSession session, SessionSerializationMetadata metadata) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data)); Throwable arg4 = null; try { CustomObjectInputStream x2 = new CustomObjectInputStream(bis, this.loader); Throwable arg6 = null; try { SessionSerializationMetadata x21 = (SessionSerializationMetadata) x2.readObject(); metadata.copyFieldsFrom(x21); session.readObjectData(x2); } catch (Throwable arg29) { ...... }
二進制數據中保存了2個對象,分別是SessionSerializationMetadata和RedisSession,SessionSerializationMetadata里面保存的是Session中的attributes信息,RedisSession其實也有attributes數據,相當于這份數據保存了2份;
2.如何創建
同樣RedisSessionManager重寫了createSession方法,2個重要的點分別:sessionId的唯一性問題和session保存到redis中;
// Ensure generation of a unique session identifier. if (null != requestedSessionId) { sessionId = sessionIdWithJvmRoute(requestedSessionId, jvmRoute); if (jedis.setnx(sessionId.getBytes(), NULL_SESSION) == 0L) { sessionId = null; } } else { do { sessionId = sessionIdWithJvmRoute(generateSessionId(), jvmRoute); } while (jedis.setnx(sessionId.getBytes(), NULL_SESSION) == 0L); // 1 = key set; 0 = key already existed }
分布式環境下有可能出現生成的sessionId相同的情況,所以需要確保唯一性;保存session到redis中是最核心的一個方法,何時更新,何時過期都在此方法中處理;
3.何時更新到redis
具體看saveInternal方法
protected boolean saveInternal(Jedis jedis, Session session, boolean forceSave) throws IOException { Boolean error = true; try { log.trace("Saving session " + session + " into Redis"); RedisSession redisSession = (RedisSession)session; if (log.isTraceEnabled()) { log.trace("Session Contents [" + redisSession.getId() + "]:"); Enumeration en = redisSession.getAttributeNames(); while(en.hasMoreElements()) { log.trace(" " + en.nextElement()); } } byte[] binaryId = redisSession.getId().getBytes(); Boolean isCurrentSessionPersisted; SessionSerializationMetadata sessionSerializationMetadata = currentSessionSerializationMetadata.get(); byte[] originalSessionAttributesHash = sessionSerializationMetadata.getSessionAttributesHash(); byte[] sessionAttributesHash = null; if ( forceSave || redisSession.isDirty() || null == (isCurrentSessionPersisted = this.currentSessionIsPersisted.get()) || !isCurrentSessionPersisted || !Arrays.equals(originalSessionAttributesHash, (sessionAttributesHash = serializer.attributesHashFrom(redisSession))) ) { log.trace("Save was determined to be necessary"); if (null == sessionAttributesHash) { sessionAttributesHash = serializer.attributesHashFrom(redisSession); } SessionSerializationMetadata updatedSerializationMetadata = new SessionSerializationMetadata(); updatedSerializationMetadata.setSessionAttributesHash(sessionAttributesHash); jedis.set(binaryId, serializer.serializeFrom(redisSession, updatedSerializationMetadata)); redisSession.resetDirtyTracking(); currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(updatedSerializationMetadata); currentSessionIsPersisted.set(true); } else { log.trace("Save was determined to be unnecessary"); } log.trace("Setting expire timeout on session [" + redisSession.getId() + "] to " + getMaxInactiveInterval()); jedis.expire(binaryId, getMaxInactiveInterval()); error = false; return error; } catch (IOException e) { log.error(e.getMessage()); throw e; } finally { return error; } }
以上方法中大致有5中情況下需要保存數據到redis中,分別是:forceSave,redisSession.isDirty(),null == (isCurrentSessionPersisted = this.currentSessionIsPersisted.get()),!isCurrentSessionPersisted以及!Arrays.equals(originalSessionAttributesHash, (sessionAttributesHash = serializer.attributesHashFrom(redisSession)))其中一個為true的情況下保存數據到reids中;
3.1重點看一下forceSave,可以理解forceSave就是內置保存策略的一個標識,提供了三種內置保存策略:DEFAULT,SAVE_ON_CHANGE,ALWAYS_SAVE_AFTER_REQUEST
DEFAULT:默認保存策略,依賴其他四種情況保存session,
SAVE_ON_CHANGE:每次session.setAttribute()、session.removeAttribute()觸發都會保存,
ALWAYS_SAVE_AFTER_REQUEST:每一個request請求后都強制保存,無論是否檢測到變化;
3.2redisSession.isDirty()檢測session內部是否有臟數據
public Boolean isDirty() { return Boolean.valueOf(this.dirty.booleanValue() || !this.changedAttributes.isEmpty()); }
每一個request請求后檢測是否有臟數據,有臟數據才保存,實時性沒有SAVE_ON_CHANGE高,但是也沒有ALWAYS_SAVE_AFTER_REQUEST來的粗暴;
3.3后面三種情況都是用來檢測三個ThreadLocal變量;
4.何時被移除
上一節中介紹了Tomcat內置看定期檢測session是否過期,ManagerBase中提供了processExpires方法來處理session過去的問題,但是在RedisSessionManager重寫了此方法
public void processExpires() { }
直接不做處理了,具體是利用了redis的設置生存時間功能,具體在saveInternal方法中:
jedis.expire(binaryId, getMaxInactiveInterval());
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