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本篇文章為大家展示了怎么在Python中使用psutil監控服務器,內容簡明扼要并且容易理解,絕對能使你眼前一亮,通過這篇文章的詳細介紹希望你能有所收獲。
服務器的監控通過安裝一些常用的監控軟件之外,有時也需要運行一些shell或Python腳本;shell下可以使用系統自帶的ps/free/top/df等shell命令,Python可以調用subprocess等模塊來運行shell命令,不過這么做就比較麻煩。這里有一個比較好用的第三方模塊:psutil。
psutil是一個跨平臺的庫,用于在Python中檢索有關運行進程和系統利用率(CPU,內存,磁盤,網絡,傳感器)的信息。它主要用于系統監視,分析,限制進程資源和運行進程的管理。它實現了UNIX命令行工具提供的許多功能,例如:ps,top,lsof,netstat,ifconfig,who,df,kill,free,nice,ionice,iostat,iotop,uptime,pidof,tty,taskset,pmap。 psutil目前支持以下平臺:
Linux
Windows
OSX,
FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD
Sun Solaris
AIX
...
等裝有Python2.6至3.6的32-bit和64-bit架構. 也可以在PyPy上運行。
安裝
文中示例均在Python版本3.6環境下運行;
# pip3 install psutil
常用模塊
獲取psutil版本信息
In [1]: import psutil In [2]: psutil.version_info Out[2]: (5, 4, 3
獲取CPU信息
In [3]: psutil.cpu_count() # 邏輯CPU核數 Out[3]: 4 In [4]: psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) # 物理CPU核數 Out[4]: 2 In [5]: psutil.cpu_times() # CPU的用戶、系統、空閑時間 Out[5]: scputimes(user=240773.0, nice=0.0, system=96416.32, idle=1161930.41) In [9]: psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True) # 獲取每個CPU的使用率,類似TOP命令 Out[9]: [43.3, 22.0, 42.0, 23.0] In [10]: top = [psutil.cpu_percent(interval=i, percpu=True) for i in range(10)] #設置每秒刷新時間間隔,統計十次的結果 In [11]: top Out[11]: [[40.8, 19.7, 38.5, 20.7], [25.7, 5.9, 13.0, 5.0], [35.0, 15.6, 30.0, 14.4], [23.7, 7.0, 18.3, 7.4], [38.5, 17.0, 34.2, 17.5], [37.2, 19.6, 36.3, 20.0], [29.6, 16.6, 28.8, 16.8], [37.7, 19.0, 35.4, 18.7], [30.8, 16.3, 26.9, 16.5], [44.2, 27.9, 41.5, 28.6]]
獲取內存信息
In [13]: psutil.virtual_memory() #獲取內存統計數據,單位bytes,我這里8G內存 Out[13]: svmem(total=8589934592, available=1891045376, percent=78.0, used=6053986304, free=15130624, active=1878392832, inactive=1875914752, wired=2299678720) In [14]: psutil.swap_memory() # 獲取swap的統計數據 Out[14]: sswap(total=2147483648, used=1340866560, free=806617088, percent=62.4, sin=126090076160, sout=3524710400)
獲取磁盤信息
In [17]: psutil.disk_partitions() #獲取磁盤分區信息 Out[17]: [sdiskpart(device='/dev/disk1', mountpoint='/', fstype='hfs', opts='rw,local,rootfs,dovolfs,journaled,multilabel')] In [20]: psutil.disk_usage('/') # 獲取分區使用情況,這里使用了25.4% Out[20]: sdiskusage(total=499055067136, used=126482944000, free=372309979136, percent=25.4) In [22]: psutil.disk_io_counters() #磁盤IO情況 Out[22]: sdiskio(read_count=7364142, write_count=6510641, read_bytes=282106464256, write_bytes=261763244544, read_time=2608778, write_time=1095259)
獲取網絡信息
In [23]: psutil.net_if_stats() # 獲取網卡接口狀態 Out[23]: {'awdl0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1484), 'bridge0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500), 'en0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500), 'en1': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_FULL: 2>, speed=0, mtu=1500), 'en2': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_FULL: 2>, speed=0, mtu=1500), 'gif0': snicstats(isup=False, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1280), 'lo0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=16384), 'p2p0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=2304), 'stf0': snicstats(isup=False, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1280), 'utun0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=2000), 'utun1': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1352)} In [25]: psutil.net_if_stats().get("en0") #獲取單個網卡en0的狀態 Out[25]: snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500) In [26]: psutil.net_if_addrs() # 獲取所有網卡的地址信息 Out[26]: {'awdl0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 18>, address='36:7d:f3:80:6e:4e', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, address='fe80::347d:f3ff:fe80:6e4e%awdl0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 'bridge0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 18>, address='4a:00:02:c0:33:70', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 'en0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='192.168.0.101', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.0.255', ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 18>, address='ac:bc:32:91:32:8b', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, address='fe80::1476:ce7e:210a:2e32%en0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 'en1': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 18>, address='4a:00:02:c0:33:70', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 'en2': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 18>, address='4a:00:02:c0:33:71', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 'lo0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, address='::1', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, address='fe80::1%lo0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 'p2p0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 18>, address='0e:bc:32:91:32:8b', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 'utun0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, address='fe80::583c:77a0:6b93:b045%utun0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 'utun1': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='10.5.200.244', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp='10.5.200.244')]} # 獲取en0網卡的地址, 這里包括mac和ipv6地址 In [40]: for addr in psutil.net_if_addrs().get("en0"): ...: print(addr.address) 192.168.0.101 ac:bc:32:91:32:8b fe80::1476:ce7e:210a:2e32%en0 In [43]: psutil.net_io_counters() # 獲取網絡讀寫字節/包的個數 Out[43]: snetio(bytes_sent=174614221, bytes_recv=586279725, packets_sent=863903, packets_recv=873583, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0) In [45]: psutil.net_connections() # 獲取網絡連接信息,注意這里需要root權限。
獲取進程信息:
In [46]: psutil.pids() # 獲取所有進程ID In [47]: psutil.Process(61) # 獲取指定PID的進程信息 Out[47]: psutil.Process(pid=61, name='dsAccessService', started='2018-02-26 09:57:04') In [49]: psutil.Process(45573).exe() # 獲取進程的exe路徑 Out[49]: '/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python' In [50]: psutil.Process(45573).name() # 獲取進程名稱 Out[50]: 'Python' In [52]: psutil.Process(45573).cmdline() # 獲取進程啟動的命令 Out[52]: ['/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python', '/usr/local/bin/ptipython'] In [56]: psutil.Process(45573).num_threads() # 獲取進程的線程數量 Out[56]: 3 In [57]: psutil.Process(45573).environ() # 獲取進程的環境變量信息
上述內容就是怎么在Python中使用psutil監控服務器,你們學到知識或技能了嗎?如果還想學到更多技能或者豐富自己的知識儲備,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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