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不懂sklearn對多分類的每個類別進行指標評價方法?其實想解決這個問題也不難,下面讓小編帶著大家一起學習怎么去解決,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大所收獲。
對多分類結果的每個類別進行指標評價,也就是需要輸出每個類型的精確率(precision),召回率(recall)以及F1值(F1-score)。
我們可以用sklearn來解決,方法并沒有難,我們模擬的數據如下:
y_true = ['北京', '上海', '成都', '成都', '上海', '北京', '上海', '成都', '北京', '上海']
y_pred = ['北京', '上海', '成都', '上海', '成都', '成都', '上海', '成都', '北京', '上海']
其中y_true為真實數據,y_pred為多分類后的模擬數據。使用sklearn.metrics中的classification_report即可實現對多分類的每個類別進行指標評價。
示例的Python代碼如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from sklearn.metrics import classification_report y_true = ['北京', '上海', '成都', '成都', '上海', '北京', '上海', '成都', '北京', '上海'] y_pred = ['北京', '上海', '成都', '上海', '成都', '成都', '上海', '成都', '北京', '上海'] t = classification_report(y_true, y_pred, target_names=['北京', '上海', '成都']) print(t)
輸出結果如下:
precision recall f1-score support 北京 0.75 0.75 0.75 4 上海 1.00 0.67 0.80 3 成都 0.50 0.67 0.57 3 accuracy 0.70 10 macro avg 0.75 0.69 0.71 10 weighted avg 0.75 0.70 0.71 10
需要注意的是,輸出的結果數據類型為str,如果需要使用該輸出結果,則可將該方法中的output_dict參數設置為True,此時輸出的結果如下:
{‘北京': {‘precision': 0.75, ‘recall': 0.75, ‘f1-score': 0.75, ‘support': 4}, ‘上海': {‘precision': 1.0, ‘recall': 0.6666666666666666, ‘f1-score': 0.8, ‘support': 3}, ‘成都': {‘precision': 0.5, ‘recall': 0.6666666666666666, ‘f1-score': 0.5714285714285715, ‘support': 3}, ‘accuracy': 0.7, ‘macro avg': {‘precision': 0.75, ‘recall': 0.6944444444444443, ‘f1-score': 0.7071428571428572, ‘support': 10}, ‘weighted avg': {‘precision': 0.75, ‘recall': 0.7, ‘f1-score': 0.7114285714285715, ‘support': 10}}
使用confusion_matrix方法可以輸出該多分類問題的混淆矩陣,代碼如下:
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix y_true = ['北京', '上海', '成都', '成都', '上海', '北京', '上海', '成都', '北京', '上海'] y_pred = ['北京', '上海', '成都', '上海', '成都', '成都', '上海', '成都', '北京', '上海'] print(confusion_matrix(y_true, y_pred, labels = ['北京', '上海', '成都']))
輸出結果如下:
[[2 0 1] [0 3 1] [0 1 2]]
為了將該混淆矩陣繪制成圖片,可使用如下的Python代碼:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # author: Jclian91 # place: Daxing Beijing # time: 2019-11-14 21:52 from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib as mpl # 支持中文字體顯示, 使用于Mac系統 zhfont=mpl.font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/Library/Fonts/Songti.ttc") y_true = ['北京', '上海', '成都', '成都', '上海', '北京', '上海', '成都', '北京', '上海'] y_pred = ['北京', '上海', '成都', '上海', '成都', '成都', '上海', '成都', '北京', '上海'] classes = ['北京', '上海', '成都'] confusion = confusion_matrix(y_true, y_pred) # 繪制熱度圖 plt.imshow(confusion, cmap=plt.cm.Greens) indices = range(len(confusion)) plt.xticks(indices, classes, fontproperties=zhfont) plt.yticks(indices, classes, fontproperties=zhfont) plt.colorbar() plt.xlabel('y_pred') plt.ylabel('y_true') # 顯示數據 for first_index in range(len(confusion)): for second_index in range(len(confusion[first_index])): plt.text(first_index, second_index, confusion[first_index][second_index]) # 顯示圖片 plt.show()
生成的混淆矩陣圖片如下:
補充知識:python Sklearn實現xgboost的二分類和多分類
二分類:
train2.txt的格式如下:
import numpy as np import pandas as pd import sklearn from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split,cross_val_score from xgboost.sklearn import XGBClassifier from sklearn.metrics import precision_score,roc_auc_score min_max_scaler = sklearn.preprocessing.MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(-1,1)) resultX = [] resultY = [] with open("./train_data/train2.txt",'r') as rf: train_lines = rf.readlines() for train_line in train_lines: train_line_temp = train_line.split(",") train_line_temp = map(float, train_line_temp) line_x = train_line_temp[1:-1] line_y = train_line_temp[-1] resultX.append(line_x) resultY.append(line_y) X = np.array(resultX) Y = np.array(resultY) X = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X) X_train,X_test, Y_train, Y_test = train_test_split(X,Y,test_size=0.3) xgbc = XGBClassifier() xgbc.fit(X_train,Y_train) pre_test = xgbc.predict(X_test) auc_score = roc_auc_score(Y_test,pre_test) pre_score = precision_score(Y_test,pre_test) print("xgb_auc_score:",auc_score) print("xgb_pre_score:",pre_score)
多分類:有19種分類其中正常0,異常1~18種。數據格式如下:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from sklearn import datasets from sklearn.multiclass import OneVsRestClassifier from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split,cross_val_score from sklearn.svm import SVC from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression from xgboost.sklearn import XGBClassifier import sklearn import numpy as np from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder from sklearn.metrics import precision_score,roc_auc_score min_max_scaler = sklearn.preprocessing.MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(-1,1)) resultX = [] resultY = [] with open("../train_data/train_multi_class.txt",'r') as rf: train_lines = rf.readlines() for train_line in train_lines: train_line_temp = train_line.split(",") train_line_temp = map(float, train_line_temp) # 轉化為浮點數 line_x = train_line_temp[1:-1] line_y = train_line_temp[-1] resultX.append(line_x) resultY.append(line_y) X = np.array(resultX) Y = np.array(resultY) #fit_transform(partData)對部分數據先擬合fit,找到該part的整體指標,如均值、方差、最大值最小值等等(根據具體轉換的目的),然后對該partData進行轉換transform,從而實現數據的標準化、歸一化等等。。 X = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X) #通過OneHotEncoder函數將Y值離散化成19維,例如3離散成000000···100 Y = OneHotEncoder(sparse = False).fit_transform(Y.reshape(-1,1)) X_train,X_test, Y_train, Y_test = train_test_split(X,Y,test_size=0.2) model = OneVsRestClassifier(XGBClassifier(),n_jobs=2) clf = model.fit(X_train, Y_train) pre_Y = clf.predict(X_test) test_auc2 = roc_auc_score(Y_test,pre_Y)#驗證集上的auc值 print ("xgb_muliclass_auc:",test_auc2)
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