asp.net core web頁面驗證

本例是用簡單角色驗證方式來通過用戶登錄后，獲取用戶角色，每種角色可以通過[Authorize(Roles = "admin,user")]在Action上來控制訪問的權限，也就是說，只有屬性這個角色才能訪問這個Action。

道先添加Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies引用

在StartUp.cs的Configure方法中添加

//為驗證添加中間件
app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
{
    //驗證方案名稱
    AuthenticationScheme = "loginvalidate",
    //沒有權限時導航的登錄action
    LoginPath = new Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.PathString("/login"),
    //訪問被拒絕后的acion
    AccessDeniedPath = new Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.PathString("/Home/NoPermission"),      
    AutomaticAuthenticate = true,
    AutomaticChallenge = true,
    SlidingExpiration = true
});

HomeController中的登錄的action實現

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using System.Security.Claims;
 
namespace webAuth.Controllers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 本Controller允許admin和user兩種角色可以訪問
    /// </summary>
    [Authorize(Roles = "admin,user")]
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// aobout只允許user角色訪問
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [Authorize(Roles = "user")]
        public IActionResult About()
        {
            var id = User.Claims.SingleOrDefault(c => c.Type == ClaimTypes.Sid).Value;
            ViewData["Message"] = "UserID:"+ id;
 
            return View();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// contact只允許admin角色訪問
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [Authorize(Roles = "admin")]
        public IActionResult Contact()
        {
            var id=User.Claims.SingleOrDefault(c => c.Type == ClaimTypes.Sid).Value;
            ViewData["Message"] = "UserID:"+ id;
 
            return View();
        }
 
        public IActionResult NoPermission()
        {
            return View();
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 允許所有登錄者
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="returnUrl">如果用戶訪問的不是登錄頁，returnUrl將把這個url傳進來，待登錄成功后返回這個地址</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpGet("login")]
        public IActionResult Login(string returnUrl)
        {
            //判斷是否驗證
            if (!HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                //把返回地址保存在前臺的hide表單中
                ViewBag.returnUrl = returnUrl;
            }
            ViewBag.error = null;
            return View();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 允許所有登錄者
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="username">用戶名</param>
        /// <param name="password">密碼</param>
        /// <param name="returnUrl">返回u</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost("login")]
        public IActionResult Login(string username, string password, string returnUrl)
        {
            //從數據庫驗證用戶，關取出用戶所需要信息
            var users = new List<dynamic>() {
                new { ID = 1, UserName = "zsf",Password="111", Name = "張三豐", RoleTypeID = 1, RoleType = "admin", RoleTypeName = "管理員" },
                 new { ID = 2, UserName = "zwj",Password="222", Name = "張無忌", RoleTypeID = 2, RoleType = "user", RoleTypeName = "普通用戶" }
            };
            var user = users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.UserName == username && u.Password == password);
            if (user!=null)
            {
                //登錄成功后，設置聲明
                var claims = new Claim[] {
                      new Claim(ClaimTypes.UserData,username),
                      new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,user.RoleType),
                      new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,user.Name),
                      new Claim(ClaimTypes.Sid,user.ID.ToString())
                };
                HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("loginvalidate", new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "Cookie")));
                HttpContext.User = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims));
                return new RedirectResult(returnUrl == null ? "/" : returnUrl);
            }
            else
            {
                ViewBag.error = "用戶名或密碼錯誤！";
                return View();
            }
        }
    }
}

Login.cshtml頁面如下：

@{
    Layout = null;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>登錄</title>
    <link href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <style>
        .col-md-12 {
            text-align: center;
            margin-top: 10px;
        }
 
        .input-group {
            width: 300px;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }     
        .input-group-addon{
            width:80px;
        } 
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="/login">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="row" >
                <div class="col-md-12">
                    <div class="input-group">
                        <span class="input-group-addon" id="basic-addon1">用戶名</span>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" name="username" aria-describedby="basic-addon1">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-12">
                    <div class="input-group">
                        <span class="input-group-addon" id="basic-addon1">密碼</span>
                        <input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" aria-describedby="basic-addon1">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-12">
                    <div class="input-group" >
                        <input type="hidden" value="@ViewBag.returnUrl" name="returnUrl" />
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" >登錄</button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            @if (ViewBag.error != null)
            {
                <font color="red">@ViewBag.error</font>
            }
        </div>
    </form>
    <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
    <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

如果在其他頁面使用User，可以像下面這樣使用

<span>當前用戶：@User.Identity.Name</span>

當然也可以從User中查到其他登錄時存儲的Claim的值

登錄成功后

登錄成功后訪問沒有權限頁面（當然可以不讓這種角色看到不能訪問的鏈接）