HAVE 是 SQL 中的一個子句,通常與 GROUP BY 和聚合函數一起使用,用于過濾分組后的結果
以下是一些關于如何正確使用 HAVING 語句的示例:
SELECT column_name(s), aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition;
假設我們有一個名為 “orders” 的表格,包含以下列:customer_id、order_date 和 amount。我們想要查詢每個客戶的總金額,并且只顯示總金額大于 1000 的客戶。
SELECT customer_id, SUM(amount) as total_amount
FROM orders
GROUP BY customer_id
HAVING total_amount > 1000;
如果你想根據多個條件對分組后的結果進行過濾,可以在 HAVING 子句中使用 AND、OR 或 NOT 連接條件。
SELECT customer_id, SUM(amount) as total_amount, COUNT(*) as total_orders
FROM orders
GROUP BY customer_id
HAVING total_amount > 1000 AND total_orders > 5;
你還可以在 HAVING 子句中使用聚合函數,例如 AVG(), COUNT(), MAX(), MIN() 等。
SELECT customer_id, AVG(amount) as average_amount
FROM orders
GROUP BY customer_id
HAVING AVG(amount) > 100;
總之,HAVING 子句用于過濾分組后的結果,它通常與 GROUP BY 和聚合函數一起使用。請確保在使用 HAVING 時正確地指定分組列和條件。