在 Java 中,穩定排序是指相等的元素在排序后保持原有的相對順序。Java 提供了穩定的排序算法,如冒泡排序、插入排序和歸并排序。以下是這些排序算法的實現:
public class BubbleSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};
bubbleSort(arr);
System.out.println("Sorted array is:");
printArray(arr);
}
public static void bubbleSort(int[] arr) {
int n = arr.length;
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
// swap arr[j+1] 和 arr[j]
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
for (int value : arr) {
System.out.print(value + " ");
}
}
}
public class InsertionSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};
insertionSort(arr);
System.out.println("Sorted array is:");
printArray(arr);
}
public static void insertionSort(int[] arr) {
int n = arr.length;
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
int key = arr[i];
int j = i - 1;
// Move elements of arr[0..i-1], that are greater than key, to one position ahead of their current position
while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) {
arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
j = j - 1;
}
arr[j + 1] = key;
}
}
public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
for (int value : arr) {
System.out.print(value + " ");
}
}
}
public class MergeSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};
mergeSort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
System.out.println("Sorted array is:");
printArray(arr);
}
public static void mergeSort(int[] arr, int left, int right) {
if (left < right) {
int middle = (left + right) / 2;
// Sort first and second halves
mergeSort(arr, left, middle);
mergeSort(arr, middle + 1, right);
merge(arr, left, middle, right);
}
}
public static void merge(int[] arr, int left, int middle, int right) {
int n1 = middle - left + 1;
int n2 = right - middle;
// Create temp arrays
int[] leftArray = new int[n1];
int[] rightArray = new int[n2];
// Copy data to temp arrays
for (int i = 0; i < n1; ++i)
leftArray[i] = arr[left + i];
for (int j = 0; j < n2; ++j)
rightArray[j] = arr[middle + 1 + j];
// Merge the temp arrays
int i = 0, j = 0;
int k = left;
while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
if (leftArray[i] <= rightArray[j]) {
arr[k] = leftArray[i];
i++;
} else {
arr[k] = rightArray[j];
j++;
}
k++;
}
// Copy the remaining elements of leftArray
while (i < n1) {
arr[k] = leftArray[i];
i++;
k++;
}
// Copy the remaining elements of rightArray
while (j < n2) {
arr[k] = rightArray[j];
j++;
k++;
}
}
public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
for (int value : arr) {
System.out.print(value + " ");
}
}
}
這些排序算法都是穩定的,你可以根據需要選擇合適的算法。